蒲公英学院英语初高中衔接教材

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专题一:名词考点集汇,讲解和训练【名师点睛】一、名词的数1.单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾叫屮构成，其主要变法如下：(1)一般情况在词尾加・s,例如：book—>books,girl^girls,boy—>boys,pen^pens,doctor^doctors,boy^boys。(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加・es,例如：bus—>buses,class—>classesbox—>boxes,watch—>vvatches,brush^brusheso(3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如：orange—orangeso(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变"y”为"i”再加-es,例如:city—>cities,factory—>factories,country^countries,family^familieso但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如：boy—>boys,day^dayso(5)以o结尾的词多数都加・es。缈0:hero^heroes,potato—>potatoes,tomato^tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加・s。例如：zoo^zoos,radio—^radios,还有某些外来词也只加・s,例如：photo—>photos,piano^pianoso(6)以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加・es,例如：knife—>knives,leaf—>leaves,half—>halveso复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法情况读法例词在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后[S]cups,hats,cakes在[s][z][t][d3][F]等音后[iz]glasses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces在[b][d][g][v]等浊辅音后[z]beds,dogs,cities,knives(7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manTmen,womanswomen,tooth^teeth,foot—>feet,child—>children,mouse—>mice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和women。例如：anEnglishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；man,woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers,womenteacherso有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。(1)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people,police等。(2)数司+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalko(3)还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers,clothes>chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes>scissors,compasses。(4)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：游戏名称：专有名词：其他名词：physics,mathematics/mathsbowlstheUnitedStates,NiagaraFallsnews,falls2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量的概念”，可以用以下两种方法:(1)用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少，例如:Therichmanhasalotofmoney-Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Isthereanywaterintheglass?1don'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice.(2)用apieceof这类定语，例如：apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbreadabottleoforangeaglassofwater(milk)acupofteaacupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice如果要表示“两杯茶”.“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：twocupsofteafourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater不可数名词也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1•表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's，其复数形式是例如：astudent'sroom,students1rooms,father*sshoeso 2•如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加fs,如：Children'sDayo3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用©例如：atwentyminutes1walk,tenmiles*journey,aboat'slength,twopounds1weight,tendollars'wortho4•无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：amapofChina>theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowerso5•双重所有格，例如：afriendofmyfather*so【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”，例如：JohnfsandMaryfsrooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；TomfsandMaryfsbikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个's,则表示"共有”，例如：JohnandMary"sroom（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；TomandMary"smother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。【演练】1.…Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?・••Pvebeento•A.theHenryhouseB.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenrykshomeD.Henryks2.InEngland,ifisinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.foodBelunchC.breakfastD・dinner3.Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven^tfoundit.WhynottryA.threetimesB.athirdtimeC.thethirdtimeD.once4.■“Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem?■■■Certainly.A・somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD>somebottleofwaters5.Mikehurtoneofhisintheaccidentyesterday.A.toothB>feetC.handD.ear6.Thereissomeontheplate.A.cakesB>meatC.potatoD.pears7.InEngland,thelastnameisthe•A.familynameB・middleC.givennameD.fullname8.TheyaregoingtoflytoBeijing.A.GermenB.GermanyC.GermanysD.Germans9・Thehastwo・A・boys;watchesB.boy;watchC.boy;watchesD.boys;watch10eThelittlebabyhastwoalready. A.toothB.toothsC.teethD・teeths11-Whafsyourforbeinglateagain?A.ideaB.keyC.excuseD.news12-・・・It'sdangeroushere.We，dbettergooutquickly.■“ButIthinkweshouldletgooutfirst.A.womanandchildrenB.womenandchildC.womanandchildD>womenandchildren13.・・・YoucanseeMr.Smithifthereisasign“"onthedoorofhisshop.…Thanks.A.ENTRANCEB.BUSINESSHOURSC.THISSIDEUPD.NOSMOKING14.Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon?A.Children^DayB.Childrens^DayC.ChildrensD町D.ChildrenDay15-Wherearethestudents?Aretheyin?A.theRoom406B.Room406C.the406RoomD.406Room【练习答案】l.D2.B3.B4.B5.B6.B7.A8.D9.C10.Cll.C12.D13.B14.A15.B专题二：形容词、副词考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】1.形容词的用法(1)形容词在句中作定语，表语，宾语补足语。例如：Ourcountryisabeautifulcountry.(作定语)Thefishwentbad.(作表语)Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.(作宾语补足语)(2)形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时：形容词放在名词后面°Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm.(3)用and或or连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起 进一步解释的作用。Everybody,manandwoman,oldandyoung,shouldattendthemeeting.Youcantakeanyboxaway,bigorsmalL（4）th£+形容词表示一类人或物Therichshouldhelpthepoor.1.副词的用法（1）副词在句中可作状语，表语和定语。Hestudiesveryhard.（作状语）Lifehereisfullofjoy.（作定语）Whenwillyoubeback?（作表语）副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1）时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：nowtoday,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。例女口：Heoftencomestoschoollate.Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow?HeisneverbeentoBeijing・2）地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如：Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.Hewentupstairs・Putdownyournamehere・3）方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾・ly构成的，有少数方式副词不带词尾・ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。例如：Theoldmanwalkedhomeslowly.Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully. Thebirdsareflyinghigh.Herunsveryfast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度畐词有:much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。例如：Herpronunciationisverygood.Shesingsquitewell.Icanhardlyagreewithyou.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how,when,where,why等。例如：Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies?Wherewereyouyesterday?Whydidyoudothat?(1)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：MrSmithworksveryhard.ShespeaksEnglishwelL2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：Heusuallygetsupearly.Fveneverheardhimsinging*Sheisseldomill.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面，但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Itisaratherdifficultjob.Herunsveryfast.Hedidn'tworkhardenough・4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：Onmywayhome,Imetmyuncle.Thestudentstherehavealottimetodotheirownresearchwork.(2)部分常用副词的用法 1)very,much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：SheisaverynicegirlPmfeelingmuchbetternow.Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：Idoiftliketheideamuch>Theydidnottalkmuch.2)too,either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如:Shecandance,andIcandance,too.Ihaven，treadthebookandmybrotherhasn，teither.3)already,yetalready—般用于语肯定句，yet—般用于否定句。例如：HehasalreadyleftHaveyouheardfromhimyet?Hehasn^tansweredyet.4)so,neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：MybrotherlikesfootballandsodoLMybrotherdoesn^tlikedancingandneitherdoL1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1)两个人或事物的比较时(不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物)，用比较级。Ourteacheristallerthanweare.Theboysinherclassaretallerthantheboysinyourclass.(2)most同形容词连用而不用the,表示”极，很,非常，十分”。It'smostdangeroustobehere.在这儿太危险。⑶“The+形容词比较级the+形容词比较级・・”表示“越・・・就越・・・”。Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.⑷“形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级”，表示“越来越…”o It'sgettinghotterandhotter.(5)主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。Thisboxisasbigasmine.(6)the+形容词，表示某种人。Healwayshelpsthepoor.(7)形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.【演练】1.Therearemanyyoungtreesonsidesoftheroad>2.A.everyBeeachC.bothD.all…Ifssocoldtoday.thanitwasyesterday.3.4.A.morecoldLittleTomhasA・moreSheisiftsoBemorecolderC.muchcolderfriends,soheoftenplaysalone.alittleC・manyDefewatmathsasyouare.A.wellBegoodC.better5.Peterwritesofthethree.6.7.A.betterB.bestC.goodHeisenoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.strongermuchstrongerC.strongD>thestrongestIboughtexercise-bookswithmoney.A・afew;afewafew;alittleC.alittle;afewDealittle;alittle8.Theboxisheavyforthegirlcarry.A.too;toC.so;thatD.no;to9.Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter•Ifsstrongenoughtoskateon>A.longBehighC.thickD>wide10-WuLinranfasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.A・soC.veryD.too11cheaperC.expensiveD.moreexpensive14.IfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustuseitasaspossible.A.oftenB>longC.hardD・soon15.Paulhasfriendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.manyB.someC.fewD.more16.EnglishpeopleuseMr>Beforeaman，sfirstname.A・neverB.usuallyC.oftenD.sometimes17.・-OnemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.・・•RightThegovernmentspokethat.A.highlyforB.highofC.wellofD.highlyof18.—Rememberthis,children.carefulyouare,mistakesyouwillmake.Weknow,MissGao.BeThefewer;themoreDLookatthepicturecarefully.Canyoufindsomethingunusual?2)see指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。 Theycan'tseethewordsontheblackboard.DoesLilyoftengotoseeafilmonSunday? 1)watch指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。ThetwinsarewatchingTVnow.Hewillgotowatchavolleyballmatch.2)read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。Don'treadinthesun.IliketoreadnewspaperswhenIamfree.(1)borrow,lend和keep的区别。1)borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibraryjustnow.MayIborrowyourdictionary?2)lend是“借出”之意，常常与to连用，同borrow-^,是非延续性动词，只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。UndeWanyhaslenthiscartoMrLLCouldyoulendusyourradio,please?3)keep是“保存”的意思，动作可以延续。Howlongcantherecorderbekept?Thefarmerkeptthepatfortwoweeks.⑷bring,take,carry和get的用法。1)bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。Bringmethebook,please.MayIbringJimtoseeyounextSaturday?2)take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoatwithyou.Mothertookthelittlegirltothenextroom.3)carry是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着.扛着.抱着.提着的含义，不表明来去的方向。Doyoualwayscarryahandbag?Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarryit?4)get是去某处将某物拿回来。Pleasegotomyofficetogetsomechalk.Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Whynotgetsome?(5)wear,puton和dress的区别1)wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。 Tomalwayswearsblackshoes.Hewearsaraincoatevenwhenitisfine.Shedoesn'tliketoweararedflowersinherhair.戴帽等。着重于穿戴2）puton是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、的动作。Ifscold.You'dbetterputonyourcoat・Heputonhishatandwentoutoftheroom.3）dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dresssb.（给某人穿衣服），而wear作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wearsth.（穿着衣物）。Shealwaysdresseswell.Getupanddressquickly.Maryisdressingherchild*(5)take,spend和use的用法。1)take指做某事用多少时间，句型是：Ittakes/took/willtake+sb.+sometime+todoStheIttookmethreedaystofinishthework.Itwilltakeyouawhileweektotravelthoughttheforest.IttakesonlyonehourtoflytoShanghai*2)spend指某人在某事(物)上花费时间或钱。句型是：Someonespends+money/time+onsomething(in)doingsth.Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoatHedidnvtspendmuchtimeonhislessons.Hespentmuchtime(in)correctingstudents1exercises>Motherspentherevenings(in)washingclothes.3)use表示使用工具、手段等。Doyouknowhowtousethecomputer?Shallweuseyourcar?(6)reach,get和arrive的区别。1)reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。Afterthetrainhadleft,theyreachedthestationWereachedthetopofthemountainatlast2)get是不及动词，常与to连用，再接名词，后面接表示地点的副词时，不用to,getto 常用于口语中。Whenthestudentsgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegumMysisterwascookingwhenmothergothome.1)arrive是不及物动词，表示到达一个小地方时，用arriveat,到达一个大地方时用arrivein。ThesoldiersarrivedatasmallvillageTheforeignerswillarriveinShanghaitomorrovv.【演练】1.Listen!SomeofthegirlsaboutHarryPotterLefsjointhem>A.aretalkingB.talkC.willtalkD.talked2・Ourteacher,MissChen，Englishontheradiothedaybeforeyesterday.A.teachesB.taughtC.willteachD.hadtaught3・Idon，tthinkIyouinthatdressbefore.A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.sawDesee1.SusankparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpooLItbeveryexpensive.A>mustB.canC.mustiftD・caift2.Coffeeisready.Howniceit!Wouldyoulikesome?A.looksB>smellsC.soundsD.feels6•“Mr.Zhu,yoifdbettertoomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight/5saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatB.toeatC・noteatD.eat7.“Don，talwaysmakeMichaelthisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy，dear,nMeBushsaidtohiswife.A.doBetodoC.doesD・did8.Sorry,Ican'thearyouclearly.WillyoupleaseyourE-mailaddress?Pllwriteitdown.A.reviewB.reciteC.reportD.repeat9.Don%yourcoat,Tom!TVseasytocatchcoldinspring.A.takeawayB.takeoffC.takedownD.takeout10>YougoandaskMeimei.Sheknowtheanswer. A.must;canB.must;mayC.need;canD.can;may11.Fmsorryyou，vemissedthetrain.It10minutesago*A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleft12.1boughtanewdictionaryanditme30yuan.A.paidB.spentC.tookD.cost13.…Mum，mayIgooutandpl町basketball?…youyourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finishB.Are;flnishingC.Did;finishingD.Have;finished14>Ihavetogonow.Pleaseremembertothelightswhenyouleave.A.turnoffB.turndownC.turnupD.turnon13.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolnextweek.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive14.Look!Howheavytherainis!You?dbetter•A.don，tgonowB.stayherewhenitstopsC.notleaveuntilitstopsD.nottoleaveatonce17>Youmaygofishingifyourwork•A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone18.Cottonniceandsoft.A.isfeltB.isfeelingC.feelD.feels19.・-Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick?—John•A・cleanedB.doesC.didD.is20.—Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,?…No-Shegotuptoolate.A.hadsheB.hadnHsheC.didsheD.didn，tshe【练习答案】1.A2.B3.A4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.B10.Dll.A12.D13.D14.A15.C16.C17.A18.D19.C19.C专题四：数词、冠词考点集汇,讲解和训练冠词的用法冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。A(an)叫不定冠词， the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。1.不走冠词的用法(1)a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：Johnisastudent.MaryisanEnglishteacher(2)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如：AsteelworkermakessteeLPassmeanapple,please.(3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或和物。例如：Astudentwantstoseeyou.Agirliswaitingforyououtside.(4)表示“每一”的意思，相当于everyo例如：Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek.2.定冠词用法(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如：ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.(2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Openthedoor,please.Jackisinthelibrary.(3)上文提到过的人或事物。例如：YesterdayJohifsfatherboughthimanewbike>Thebikecosthim200yuan.(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如：Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina*Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.(6)用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：Thenurseiskindtothesick.Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.(7)用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如：theGreatWall,theSummerpalace,inthemorning,intheopenair等。(8)用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人匕“某某夫妇”。例如： theBrowns,thewhites等。1.不用冠词的情况(1)某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如：China,Canada,Japanese,glass,water,love等。(2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代词时，不用冠词。例如：Thatismycap.Ihavesomequestions.Godownthisstreet.(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词。Theyareworkers.Wearestudents.(4)称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如：IdoiTtfeelwelltoday,MotherBushwasmadepresidentoftheU.S・(5)三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如：Ihavelunchathome.Heoftenplaysfootballafterclass.WehaveEnglishandmathseveryday.(6)在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如：Byair,atnight,athome,gotobed,gotoschool,onfoot,frommorningtillnight等。二.数词的用法数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。1.基数词的用法(1)基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如：ThirtyofthemarePartymembers・(主语)…Howmanywouldyoulike?・—Three,please.(作宾语)ThenineboysarefromTianjing・(定语)Sixplusfouristen.(表语) Wefourwillgowithyou.(同位语)(2)表示一个具体数字时，hundred,thousand,million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如： Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.TherearethreethousandstudentsinourschooLAfterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionsofpeopleintheworld.Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.(3)表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如：Heisinhisearlythirties・Hediedstillinhisforties.Thistookplaceinthel930s・⑷表示时刻用基数词。例如：Wegetupatsix.Theworkersbeginworkateight.⑸表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如：tenpastten,aquarterpastnine,halfpasttwelve⑹表示“几点差几分”用介词to,但分数须在半小时以上。例如：twentytonine,fivetoeight,aquartertoten(1)表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如：sevenfifteen,eleventhirty,ninetwenty1.序数词的用法(1)序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如：Thefirsttruckiscarryingafootbaskets.Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor•（2）序数词有时前可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如:Wellhavetodoitasecondtime-ShallIaskhimathirdtime?WhenIsatdown,afourthmanrosetospeak.(3)由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们M：one-first,two―second，three—third,five-fifth^eight—eighth^nine-ninth^twelve—twelftho (1)表示年，月，日时，年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如：1949年十月一日读作：October(the)first,nineteensixty2004年九月十日读作：September(the)tenth,twothousandandfour(2)表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加・s。例如：threefourths,onesecond,twofifths(3)序数词有时用缩写形式：first—>1stsecond—>2ndthird—>3rdfourth^4thtwenty-second—>22nd【演练】LThismorningIhadeggandabottleofmilkformybreakfastA.anB.aC.theD./1.…What'sthematterwithyou?—Icaughtbadcoldandhadtostayin•Aea;/Bea;theC・a;aD.the;the2.—Haveyouseenpen?Ileftitherethismorning.—Isitblackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD>a;a4・sunisshiningbrightly.A.AB.AnC.TheD./3.Thereis“h”inthewordhour.A.aB.theC.anD./4.DidyouenjoyyourstayinXian?Yes.Ihadwonderfultime.A.aB.anC.theD./5.sunisbiggerthanearth.A.A;theB.A;anC.The;anD.The;the6.Thereisappleandsomepearsonthetable.A.theB./C.aD.an7.DavidhascatTVsverynice> A.aB.anC.theD./ 10>Pmreadingnovel.Itisinterestingstory.A.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD・/;an11>ItissaidthatSARShaskilledmorethanpeopleworldwide.A・threehundredsB.threehundreds，C.threehundred^D.threehundred12.・—Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?•“Therearetwo•A.hundredshundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof13・・—Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?peoplehadtoleavetheirhometownduringA>Two-thirdsB.AhalfC.AquarterD・Three-fourths14.—Whatdoyouthinkofawar,LiMing?—PvenoideasButifsafactthattheWaronIraq.BethousandofA・threethousandsC.thousandsofDeseveralthousandscenturywillbringusmorehopes,twentieth-first15.WeallthinkthattheA・twenty-firstD.twentieth-oneC.twenty-one16.…Canyouwritethenumbereiphty・fivethousand^sixhundredandtwenty・six?■“Yes,itis.A.856620B.85626C.58662D.5862617.WhenwasthePRCfounded?Itwasfoundedon•A.July1,1921B.October1,1949C.August1,1927D.May1,192218.1was8yearsoldwhenmyfatherwas31.Thisyearmyfatheristwicemyage.HowoldamI?A.21B.22C.23D.2419・ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympics.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof20eBothofthetworulersarebroken.Iwanttobuyaone.A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./【练习答案】 LA2.A3・D4.C5.C6.A7.D8.D9.A10A1LD12.B13.C14・C15・A16・B17.B18.C19.D20.B专题五：代词考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、7问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。_、人称代词1•人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。人称、单数复数"主格宾格主格宾格第一人称ImeweUS第二人称Youyouyouyou第三人称Hesheit.himherit.theythem2•人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如:Hiketabletennis.（作主语）Doyouknowhim?（作宾语）3•人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—Ifsme.4•人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如:Heisolderthan匹.Heisolderthan丄am.二、物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称mymine第二人称youryours第三人称hishisherhersitsits复数第一人称ourours第二人称youryours第三人称theirtheirs 1・表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。2.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus・Thisisherpencil-box・3.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.（作主语）•“IsthisEnglish-bookyours?（作表语）•“No.Mineisinmybag・I'vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?（作宾语）三、指示代词指示代词包括：this,that9these,thoseo1.this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：Thisisapenandthatisapencil.Wearebusythesedays・Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime.2.有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn'tcome.WhatIwanttosayisthis;pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish・1.有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai.4.this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。例如：Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?四、反身代词英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。称数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesYourselvesthemselves反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1.作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 Hecalledhimselfawriter.WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish?1.作表语。Itdoesn'tmatter.F1Ibemyselfsoon.Thegirlinthenewsismyself.2.作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。Imyselfwashedtheclothes.（=1washedtheclothesmyself.）（作主语同位语）Youshouldasktheteacherhimself.（作宾语同位语）五、不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1.some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。Look!Someofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrary.Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout.2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.Thereisn*tanyorangeinthebottle・Haveyougotanytea?3)any和some也可以作代词用，表示"一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Ican'tseeany.Ifyouhavenomoney,Flllendyousome.【注意】与some,any结合的词女口something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some,any的用法相同。2.few,afew,little,alittle在用法上的区别1）用作形容词：用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词afew虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词alittle,虽少，但有一点little不多，没有什么 Ifmgoingtobuyafewapples.HecanspeakonlyalittleChinese.Thereisonlyalittlemilkintheglass.Hehasfewfriends.Theyhadlittlemoneywiththem.2)alittle和little也可以用作副词，alittle表示“有点,稍微”，little表示“很少”。I'malittlehungry.(修饰形容词hungry)Lethimsleepalittle.(修饰动词sleep)Mary,goalittlefaster,please.(修饰副词比较级)Shesleptverylittlelastnight.3.other,theother,another,others,theothers的区别。用法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another(boy)另一个(男孩)other(boys)其他男孩特定theother另一个theothers其余那些人、物theother(boy)另一个男孩theother(boys)其余那些男孩1)other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。Wherearehisotherbooks?Ihavenftanyotherbooksexceptthisone.2)other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“theother”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成"one・・・,theother…”句型。Hehastwobrothers.Oneis10yearsold,theotheris5yearsold.Sheheldarulerinonehandandanexercise・bookintheother3)other作代词用时，可以有复数"others",泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成"some・・・・,others…”句型。Somewenttothecinema,otherswentswimming.Thiscoatistoolarge.Showmesomeothers,please<4)“theothers”表示特指某范围内的"其他的人或物”。Wegothomeby4o'clock,buttheothersdidn'tgetbackuntil8o'clock.InourclassonlyTomisEnglish,theothersareChinese.5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one.Youcanseeanothershipinthesea,can'tyou? Marydoesn'twanttobuythisskirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowheranotherone?6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。I'mstillhungryafterI*vehadthiscake・Pleasegivemeanother.4.every与each的区别。eachevery1）可单独使用1）不可单独使用2）可做代名every与each的区别。词、形容词2）仅作形容词3）着重“个别”3）着重“全体”，毫无例外4）用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4）用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物Theteachergaveatoytoeachchild.Eachballhasadifferentcolour.当我们说eachchild,eachstudent或eachteacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说everychild和everystudent时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。EverystudentlovestheEnglishteacher.=AllstudentslovetheEnglishteacher.Everychildlikesplaying・=Allchildrenlikeplaying・5・all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。AllofuslikeMrPope.我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）=WealllikeMrPope.（作同位语）Allthewaterhasbeenusedup.（作主语）That'sallfortoday.（作表语）Whynoteatall（of）thefish?（作宾语）Alltheleadersarehere.（作定语）2）both作代词。①与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。LucyandLilybothagreewithus.Theybothpassedontheirsticksatthesametime.Howareyourparents?They*rebothfine.②与“of+代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。BothofthemcametoseeMary. Bothofthebooksareveryinteresting.②单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。Michaelhastwosons.BothareelevenIdon'tknowwhichbookisthebetter,Ishallreadboth.3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。Bothhisyoungersistersareourclassmates*Therearetalltreesonbothsidesofthestreet六、相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有eachother和oneanother两种形式。在当代英语中，eachother和oneanother没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.（作宾语）Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?（作宾语）Weoftenborroweachother's/oneanother'sbooks.（作定语）Thestudentscorrectedeachother's/oneanother*smistakesintheirhomework・（作定语）七、疑问代词疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?（作主语）Whatisthat?（作表语）Whoseumbrellaisthis?（作定语）Whomareyouwaitingfor?（作宾语）八•关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which.它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语，定语.在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.I'mlookingatthephotographwhichyousentmewithyourletter.Withthemoneythathehadsaved,hewentonwithhisstudies・Doyouknowtheladywhoisinterviewingourheadmaster?【演练】 1.Tom,Pleasepasstheglasses.Iwanttoreadthenewspapers.A.youBemeC.himD.her2.TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Therearenewwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few3.…Youwantsandwich?・-Yes,1usuallyeatalotwhenFmhungry.A.otherB.anotherC.othersD.theother4.ThedoctorsandnursesaredoingtheirbesttofightSARS.TheythinkmoreofothersthanA.theyB>themC.themselvesD.theirs5.…Whichdoyouprefer,abottleoforangeorabottleofmilk?■“,thanks.Fdlikeacupoftea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None6.・・・Oh!Icameinahurryandforgottobringfood.■“Nevermind.Youcanhave•A.usB.oursC.youD.yours7.・-CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning?•“isOK.Pmfreetodayandtomorrow.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None&・・・Howareyougoingtoimprovethisterm?■“Workharderthanlastterm.A.ourselvesB.myselfC.himselfD.yourself1.…Couldyoutellmesheislookingfor?…Hercousin,Susan.A.thatwhoseC.whoD.which2.—Ishere?■“No-LiLeiandHanMeihaveaskedforleave.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD>nobody11moreB.otherC.theotherD>another13・—Doyoulivebyyourself,MrWang?•••Yes.Ihavetwosons.Butofthemliveswithme>Theyarenowstudyingin America?A.neitherB・bothC・noneD.either14>・-HaveyousentyourparentsanE-mailtellingthemyouarrivedsafe?—No.ofthemcanuseacomputerA.NoneB.BothC.NeitherD.All15.WhotaughtEnglishlastterm?WasMr.Smith?A・you;itB.you;heC.your;itD.your;that16.・-Thatwomanhasabaginherrighthand.Whafsinherhand?A.anotherB.otherC.oneD.theother17e,neither••.nor,notonly-.butalso-.这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：Eitheryouorheiswrong.Neitherhenorhischildrenlikefish.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswanttobuythebook. (3)although,but这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说aAlthoughheisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers•”这个句子应改为：Althoughheisoversixty,heworksashardasothers•或Heisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.(4)because,so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说"BecauseJohnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor•”这个句子应改为BecauseJohnwasill，Itookhimtothedoctoi••或Johnwasill，soItookhimtothedoctor.【演练】!•WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived5o，clockthemorning.A.on;inB.at;inC.at;onD.in;on2.WhereasLily?WeareallherehenA.besideB・aboutC.exceptD・with3.ShesentherfriendapostcardabirthdaypresentA.onB.asC.forD.of4A.sinceB.inC.onD.by5.・—Whatisawritingbrush,doyouknow?—-Ifswritinganddrawing.A.withB.toC.forD.by6.Englishiswidelyusedtravellersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.A.toB.forC.asD.by7.thehelpofmyteacher,Icaughtupwiththeotherstudents*A.UnderB.InC.WithD.On8>HongKongisthesouthofChina,andMacaoisthewestofHongKong.A.in;toto;toC・to;inD.in;in9.・・・Yoifdbetternotgooutnow.Ifsraining.■■■Itdoesiftmatter.Mynewcoatcankeeprain.A.inB.ofC.withD.off10.JapanliestheeastofChina*A.toB.inC.aboutD.at11•…WilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChinesein2008? •“Idon，tthinkso.NowtheyoungtheoldcanspeaksomeEnglish.A.either..>orB.notonly…butalsoC.neither…norD.both…or12.Wedidn'tcatchthetrainweleftlate.A.sobecauseC.butD.though13.Tomfailedintheexamagainhewantedtopassitverymuch.AeifB.soC.thoughD.as14.Iwon'tbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycanreadfivethousandwordsIhavetestedhimmyself.A.afterB.whenC.ifD.until15.ThebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehoursherealizeditA.whenB.untilC.afterD.before16.—Thisdresswaslastyear，sstyle.thinkitstilllooksperfectithasgoneoutthisyeanA.sothatB.eventhoughC.asifD.eversince17.Hurryup，youwillmissthetrain.A.andB.soC.howeverD.or18.Themountainwassteepfewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop.A.so・..asBesOe.ethatC.as.・・asD.too...to19.・—DoyourememberourpleasantjourneytoXi，an?—Ofcourse.Iremembereverythingithappenedyesterday.A.assoonasB.eventhoughC.ratherthanD.asif20・youcan%answerthisquestion，wehavetoasksomeoneelseforhelp.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.WhetherD.Since【练习答案】l.B2.C3.B4.A5.C6.D7.C8.A9.D10.A11.B12.B13.C14.D15.D16.B17.D18.B19.D20.D专题七：英语句子的考点集汇,讲解和训练【名师点睛】陈述句的构成形式及基本用法 1.陈述句：陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号Tomhasanewcar.Theflowerisn'tbeautiful.2.陈述句否定式的构成 （1）如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。Heisplayingtheguitar.（肯定）Heisnotplayingtheguitar.（否定）Wecangettherebeforedark（肯定）Wecan^tgettheebeforedark.（否定）（2）如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don't,doesn't或didn't。同时把该实义动词变为原形。Heplaystheviolinwell.（肯定）HedoesiVtplaytheviolinwelL（否定）Shewonthegame>（肯定）ShedidiTtwinthegame.（否定）（3）如果句子是therebe结构或谓语动词是have（有），除了be和have之后加not之夕卜，句中如果有some要变为any。例如：Thereissomewaterinthecup.—>Thereisnotanywaterinthecup.Hehassomebooks.—Hehasnotanybooks*（4）除not以外，否定词no,nothing：nobody,few等也可构成否定句。例如：Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike•―>Thereisnothingwrongwithhisbike>Ihaveseenthefilm.—Ihaveneverseenthefilm.二.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“！”或句号“・”。朗读时一般用降调。1.肯定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主语是you时，you常省略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。Bequiet.Youbequiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。Docomebackatonce!Dobecareful. （3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。Openthewindow,please. (1)Ltt引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。LetJackwaitaminute・Lefsgotoschool.(2)在祈使句中，Let's和Letus是有区别的。Let's包括说话者，而Letus不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。Let^sgoskating,shallwe?(表示内部的建议)Letustryagain,willyou?(表示向别人发出请求)2.否定祈使句通常以Don%或Never开头。其结构通常是：“DoiVt(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”例如：Don'tdothatagain!Neverleavetoday，sworkfortomorrow!Don'tbelatenexttime!三.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法1.一般疑问句：(1)一般疑问句的肯定形式一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have(有)开始，通常要求以yes,或no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。DoyouknowMr.Smith?Canyouswim?(2)一般疑问句的否定结构①在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式・iVt,则须将・iVt与一般疑问句句首的be,have,助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。Areyounotafootballfan?Arendtyouafootballfan?Willshenotlikeit?Won'tshelikeit?②与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用yes加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用no加否定结构。ArenHyouafootballfan?你不是足球迷吗？Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot. Won，tshelikeit?Yes,shewill.No,shewont1.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+—般疑问句，，构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答，读时用降调。例如:Whoisondutytoday?HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?WhatmustIdonow?常用的特殊疑问句询问内容疑问词或句型例句回答职业，身份whatWhatisyourfather?Heisadocton姓名或关系whoWhoisthatboy?HeisJack.Heismybrother相貌特征what...like?Whatisshelike?Whatdoesshelooklike?Sheisbeautiful.目的what…for?Whatdidtheycomeherefor?Toattendameeting.原因whyWhydidtheycomehere?Becausetheyhaveameetingtoattend.天气howwhat…like?Howistheweathertoday?Whatistheweatherliketoday?It'sflne.颜色whatcolor…？Whatdolorisherskirt?Ifsred.服装尺寸whatsizeWhatsizedoeshewear?Hewars40>几点钟whattimeWhattimeisit?Ifs7:30.星期几whatdayWhatdayistoday?IfsTuesday.几号，日期whatisthedate…？Whatisthedatetoday?IfsMay2. 年龄（多大）howoldHowoldishe?Heis3&持续多长时间（多久）howlongHowlonghaveyoubeenhere?Forfivemonths*多z(x度旬长howlongHowlongisthebridge?Ifs500metres・距离（多远）howfarHowfarisitfromheretothezoo?Ifs6kilometres.频度（多经常）howoftenHowoftendoyoucomeback?Onceaweek.时间经过（多快）howsoonHowsoonwillshearrive?Inanweek.数量（多少）howmany（可数名词）howmuch（不可数名词）Howmanyjacketsdoyouhave?Howmuchcoffeedoyouwant?Three.Twocups.价格howmuchHowmuchisit?Howmuchdoesitcost?Fivedollars.高度（多高）howtall（人，树）howhigh（山，建筑物）Howtallisshe?Howhighisthetower?She，s1/73metres.It's450metres・1.选择疑问句：选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部分读升调，of•后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须具体的选择答复。Isyourbagyelloworblack?It'sblack.Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?Eitherwilldo.Whichdoyoulikebetter,singingordancing?Ilikedancingbetter.2.反意疑问句：反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句，问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。 （1）肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。Iamyourteacher,aren'tI?Hedidn'tstudyhard,didhe?（2）如果陈述句中含有否定副词never（从不，决不），hardly（几乎不）或其他表示否定代词或形容词，如nothing,nonenoone,nobody,neither,few,little等，则附加问句只能用肯定式。如：Theyhardlywritetoeachother,dothey?Hehasfoundnothing,hashe?Fewpeopleknewthesecret,didthey?（3）当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况，若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yts+肯定结构”，答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”，而译成汉语时，贝IJ必须把yes译“不是”,把no译成“是的”。…Youwon^beawayforlong,willyou?你不会离开太久，是吗？…Yes,Iwill•不，我会离开很久。—No,Iwont是的，我不会离开很久。…Idon%thinkshellcomebybike,willshe?我认为她不会骑自行车，会吗？…Yes,shewill.不，她会骑自行车来。…No,shewon't•是的，她不会骑自行车来。三.由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“！”，读时用降调,感叹句往往由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。1.what引导的感叹句：（1）what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）Whatabeautifulcityitis!Whataninterestingstoryshetold!(2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)Whatexpensivewatchestheyare!Whatterribleweatheritis!2.How引导的感叹句：(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)Howcolditis!Howhardheworks!(2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语) Howheloveshisson!Howlmissyou!(2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)Howtallatreeitis!(3)上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如：Whatacleverboyheis!—>Howclevertheboyis!Whatacolddayitis!—>Howcolditis!【演练】1.Excuseme,isthenearestbookshop?—Godownthestreetandturnleftatthesecondcorner.A.howwhatC・whereD.who2.—isitfromourschooltotheBellTower?—Abouthalfanhour'sbusride.Shallwegoandvisitit?A.HowlongHowoftenC.HowfarD.Howmuch3.—Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,?■“No.Shegotuptoolate.A.hadsheB>hadiftsheC・didsheD・didiftshe4.・・•Theroomissodirty.wecleanit?…Ofcourse.A.WillB.WouldC.DoD.Shall5.…,sir?・-Size41,1thinkA.WhatsizedoyouneedB>WhatcanIdoforyouC.HowdoyoulikethisshirtD.Whafsthematterwithyou6.…goodweather!Whynotgooutforawalk?A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa7.•“Ifsanicecar.haveyoubeeninit?・-JusttoShanghai.A.HowmuchB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.Howfar8.—totheUnitedStates?—No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.HaveyoubeenB>HaveyougoneCeDidyougoD.Willyougo9.•“wereyouawayfromschoollastyear?・—Abouttwoweeks. A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC・HowlongD.When1.…doyouwant?—IwantaCDofpopularsongs.A.WhichCDB.HowmanyCDsC.WhatCDD.HowmuchILisyourmother,ateacheroradoctor?A.WhatB.WhichC.WhoD.whose12・…isyourmothertoday,Jim?—Sheismuchbetter.A.HowB.WhatC.WhereD.Howold13・…heatthisschoollastterm?—Yes,Ithinkso.A.Did…studyB.Does…studyC.Was…studyD.Did…studied14.…didyoubegintolearnEnglish?—Threeyearsago.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhereD.What15・doyouwritetoyourpen-friend?…Onceaweek.A.HowlongB・HowsoonC.HowfarD>Howoften16・niceflowers!Wheredidyoupickthem?A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa17・Thesickman，sallowedtotakeawalkinthegardeneveryday,A.isheB.isn，theC.hasheD.hasiTthe18・crosstheroadbeforethetrafficlightsturngreen>A.NotB・Won'tC・Don'tD・Doesn't19>Hefoundnothingintheroom,?A.doesiTtheB.doesheC.didn'theD.didhe20.YouhaveiVtchangedyourmind,?A.doyouBeareyouC.haveyouD.didyou【练习答案】1-C2.C3・C4・D5.A6・A7.D8・A9.C10.CILA12.A13.A14.A15.D16・B17・B18.C 19.D20.C专题八：宾语从句考点集汇,讲解和训练宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn，tknow(that)sheisseriouslyilLIamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idoiftknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.二.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn，teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?PleasetellmewhenweUlhavethemeeting.三.宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。例如：Idon^tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation? 1.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPetenHesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.2.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如:OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesum【演练】1.Doyouknowduringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid2.1wanttoknow•A.whatishisnameB>whafshisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis1.DoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which2.JimdoesnHunderstand•A>whichisthewaytothemuseumB・whyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingC.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping3.…Couldyoutellmesheislookingfor?A.thatBewhoseC.whoD.which4.Mr.Kingdidn'tknowyesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD A.howBewhereC.whenD.what9.—Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme?■“Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.IfsnexttoahospitaLA.howwecangettothepostofficehowcanwegettothepostofficeC.howgettothepostofficeA.howcouldwegettothepostoffice10.・-CanIhelpyou?•“YesHewantedtoknow•A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingwhenthemeetingwouldstartC.whathe，sgoingtodoatthemeetingD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld12.—CouldyoutellmetheBambooGarden?•“Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisitD・whenyouwouldvisit13>Wouldyoupleasetellmenext,MrWang?A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddoD>shouldwedowhat14.Youcan，timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited15.1wanttoknowyouwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.A.thatBwhereD.whether16.…Couldyoutellme?—Sorry,Idoiftknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeetingC.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting17.—Couldyoutellmelastnight? —Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.A・whatyouweredoingB>whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing1&Theteacheraskedthestudents•A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinbornC>whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted19.Everymorningthepatientsareaskediftheirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC・theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad20.Ifsuptoyoutodecideyoifllgothere,byairorbyroad.A・howwhyC.thatD.when【练习答案】l.C2.D3.B4.B5.C6.D7.C8.C9.A10.Cll.B12.B13.C14.B15.D16.D17.A18.A19.C20.A专题九:状语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1.时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如：Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang・Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily・HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：PllringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork. IwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesbackHewoiftbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.(1)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……"，“在……以前不……”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.Lefswaituntiltherainstops.Wewon%startuntilBobcomes.Doiftgetoffuntilthebusstops.1.条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Don，tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto>(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：IU1helpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.HewoiftbelateunlessheisilL(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.=Ifyoudoifthurryup,youUlbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.2.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如：HedidiftcometoschoolbecausehewasilLAsitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo>Sinceyoucan，tanswerthequestion,Pllasksomeoneelse.⑵because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用becauseoAs和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如:Whyaren，tgoingthere?BecauseIdon，twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan，tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan，tbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。 1.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由so...that,such...that,sothat引导。例如：Heissopoorthathecan，tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher>Mypencilfellunderthedesk，sothatIcouldiVtseeit(2)so...that语such...that可以互换。例如：在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是：“・・・so+形容词(副词)+that+从句”。例如：Hewassogladthathecouldn?tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由such...that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.⑶如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。例如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan'tgotothecinemawithyou.2.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as...as,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.3.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如:Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain. Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)1.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking・⑵although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout•或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.2.地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【演练】一.单项填空Lhe，sold，hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So1.・-Doyouknowifhetoplaybasketballwithus?・•・Ithinkhewillcomeifhefreetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe3・Inthezooifachildintothewaterandcan，tswim,thedolphinsmaycomeuphim.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helping4.1don^trememberheworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A・whatB>whichC.whereD.who1.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunttovisitustomorrow. A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming1.Thepoliceaskedthechildrencrossthestreetthetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.dorft;whenC.notto;untilD・not;after7eIwaslateforclassyesterdaytherewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A・whenB.thatC.untilD.because&I，llgoswimmingwithyouifIfreetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was1.Intheexam,theyouare,themistakesyouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less2.Youshouldfinishyourlessonsyougoouttopaly.A.beforeB>afterC.whenD.while11.1hurriedIwouldiTtbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD>unless12.Whenyoureadthebook，yoifdbettermakeamarkyouhaveanyquestions*A.whichBethatC.whereD・though13.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceallthestudentscouldhearhim.A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorder14.Hetookoffhiscoathefelthot.A.becauseB.asC・ifD.since15.Itisthatwe，dliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD>suchlovelyaday16・Maryhadmuchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very17.Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.A.AlthoughBecauseC.AsD・Asif18.thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As19.wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.Themoment20.WritetomeassoonasyoutoBeijing.A.willgetgetC.gettingD.got 【练习答案】l.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.C7.D8.C9.C10.All.B12.C13.B14.A15.C16.B17.A18.D19.C20.B专题十：定语从句的考点集汇,讲解和训练走语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：Idon，tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellveryvvelL2.作宾语：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled"TheGreatEscape”.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whafsthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作状语UlineverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing*ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate? MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.1.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.2.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.3.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:Fvereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?4.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Fllneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.5.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Thisisthehousewherevvelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.!1!・关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如：Thatwastheroominwhichvvehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.三.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all，few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.⑵先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(1)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear. (2)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered・2.只能用which,不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatvvewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.【演练】L・•・WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?・-Oh!IfsMrBaker,ourmathsteachenA.heB.thatC.whomD>which2.1hatethepeopledoifthelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoBewhichC.theyD.where1.TheforeignervisitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom2.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.A.whoB>whomC・heD.which3.ThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.A・thereB.whenC>whereD>which6・Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn^tcometothemeeting.AethatB.whichC.whyD>when1.Themoonisaworldthereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD・why8eHehasforgottenthedayhearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which9>Hestillremembersthedayshespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich10・Mr.White,carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB・thatC.whoseD.which11>HegottothevillagehisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberationA.thatB.whichC.whenD.where12.ThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where13.ThisisthehouseourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked. A>whichBethatC.whenD.where12.Hedidn，ttellmetheplacehewasborn.A・thatwhichC.whenDA.thatwhichC.whereD.when【练习答案】1.B2.A3.C4.A5.D6.C7.C8.A9.C10.Cll.D12.B13.D14.D15.B专题十一:主谓一致的考点集汇,讲解和训练【名师点睛】谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1.语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数，例如：Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.Thechildrenareplayingoutside.Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：BothheandIareright.MrBlackandMrsBlackhaveasoncalledTom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.Thepoetandwriterhascome.(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.(4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,mth等介词短语，谓语动词仍 用单数。例如：Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.(5)一些只有复数形式的名词，如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside.Thepolicearelookingforlostboy.(2)由each,some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如:Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.(3)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Wherearemyshoes?Ican'tfindthem.Yourtrousersaredirty>You，dbetterchangethem.如果这类名词前用了apairof等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.1.意义一致的原则(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如:Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.Tendollarsistoodear.(2)有些集合名词，如family,team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如:Myfamilyisbigone.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.(3)不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished. Allofthepeoplehavegone.(1)疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：Whoisyourbrother?WhoareLeaguemembers?(2)“分数或百分数+°f+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如:Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.(6)half,therest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如:Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therestismoredifficult.Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherestwereoffsick.(7)由what引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Whatshesaidiscorrect.Whatsheleftmeareafewoldbooks.(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.Thedeadisafamousperson.1.邻近一致的原则(1)由连词or,eitheror,neithernor,notonly...butalso,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语致。例如:EitheryouorIamright.Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.(2)在“Therebe"句型中，谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Therearetwoapplesandoneegginit.(3)aswellas和名词连用时，谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。HeaswellasIisresponsibleforit.不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。 (1)以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Hereisaletterandsomebooksforyou.【演练】LTheysaidtheeighteenthandlastlessonquiteeasy.A.isBewasC.areD.were2.・—WhenareyougoingtoKummingforyourholidays?…Ihaven'tdecided.thisSundaynextSundayisOK・A.Both;andB.Either;orC.Neither;norD・Notonly;butalso3.HelenJoanspeaksbeautifulChineseaftertheycametoChina.A.Neither;norB・Notonly;butalsoC.Both;andD>AandB4.ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each5.Arethereanyonthefarm?A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep6.Myshirtwhiteandmytrousersblue.A・are;areB.are;isC.is;isD>is;are7.Twomonthsquitealongtime>Yes.Umafraidthathewillmissalotoflessons*A・isB・areC.wasD.were&Theoldmanhastwochildrenbutofthemliveswithhim.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all9.Ourknowledgeofcomputergrowingallthetime.A.beisC.areD.were10.EveryoneexceptTomandJohntherewhenthemeetingbegan.A・isB.wasC・areD・wereILMostofthehousesthisyeanA.hasbuiltB.havebuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilt12.1thinkmathsverydifficulttolearn.A.isBeareC.hasD.have13.AlargenumberofstudentstoworkinXingjiangisC.haveD.were13.TherealotofgoodnewsintodaysnewspaperA.isB.areC.wasD・were【练习答案】1.B2.B3.D4.D5.D6.D7.A8.C9.B10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.A专题十二:短语动词和句型的考点集汇，讲解和训练1.短语动词的分类(1)动词+介词常见的有lookfor,lookafter,askfor,laughat,hearof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：Don，tlaughatothers.Tomaskedhisparentsforabike.(2)动词+副词常见的有giveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：YouUlhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedon'tforgettohanditin.(3)动词+副词+介词常见的有goonwith,catchupwith等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如GoonandUlicatchupwithyouinfiveminutes.Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork・(4)动词+名词+介词常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.⑸动词+形容词常见的有leaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：Theprisonersweresetfree. Hecutitopen・(6)动词+名词常见的有takeplace,makefriends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.1.短语动词的辨析 （l）bemadein（在生产或制造），bemadeof（由组成或构成）⑵comedovvn（下来;落），comealong（来；随同），cometooneself（苏醒），cometrue（实现），comeout（花开;发芽；出现;出来），comeover（过来；顺便来访），comein（进来）,comeon（来吧；跟着来;赶快）,comeupwith（找到;提出）（3）doone'sbest（尽最大努力）,dowellin（在干得好）,doone，shomework（做作业），dosomereading（阅读）（4）fallasleep（入睡），fallbehind（落在后面），falloff（从掉下），falldown倒下；跌倒）（5）getdown（下来；落下）,geton（上车），getto（到达），getup（起床）,getback（回相处融洽），getmairied（结婚），get来;取回），getoff（下来），getonwellwith（与together（相聚）（6）giveup（放弃），give...ahand（给与帮助），giveaconcert（开音乐会）（7）goback（回去）,goon（继续）,gohome（回家），gotobed（睡觉），goover（过一遍；仔细检查），goout（外出；到外面），gowrong徒错路），goondoing（继续做某事），goshopping（买东西），goboating（去划船）,gofishing（去钓鱼），gohiking（去徒步旅行），goskating（去滑冰），gostraightalong（沿着一直往前走）⑻havealook（看一看），haveaseat（坐下），havesupper（吃晚餐），havearest（休息）,havesports（进行体育活动）,haveacold（感冒）9haveacough（咳嗽），haveagoodtime（过得愉快）,haveaheadache（头痛），haveatry（尝试；努力）（9）lookfor（寻找）,lookout（留神；注意）,lookover（仔细检查）,lookup（向上看；抬头看）,lookafter（照顾；照看）,lookat（看；观看）,looklike（看起来像）,lookthesame（看起来像）,（10）makefriends（交朋友），makephonecalls（打电话），makemoney（赚钱）,makethebed（整理床铺），makeanoise（吵闹），makeaface（做鬼脸），makeone'swayto（往走去），makeroomfor（给腾出地方），makeadecision（做出决定），makemistake（犯错误）,makeupone'smind（下决心）（ll）puton（±演;穿上;戴上），putup（挂起;举起）,putdown（把某物放来），putaway（把某物收起来）,putofT（推迟）（12）takeoff（脱掉衣服），takephotos（照相），taketime（花费时间），takeout（出），takeaseat（坐下），takeanactivepartin（积极参加），takecareof（照顾；照料; 注意），takeexercise（做运动），takeone，splace（坐某人的位置；代替某人的职务）,taketum（轮流）（14）turnon（打开电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等），turnoff（关上电灯，收机，煤气，自来水等），tumdown（关小；调低），turn...over（把••…翻过来）（15）thinkof（认为；想起），thinkabout（考虑）1.句子的基本句型结构根据句子所用动词的不同，句子可归纳为五个基本句型。（1）主语+连系动词+表语。例如：Mymotherisadoctor.Hervoicesoundsnice・（2）主语+不及物动词。例如：Herunsfast.Westudyhard.（3）主语+及物动词+宾语。例如：Childrenoftensingthissong・HestudiesEnglish.1）常用・ing形式，而不用不定式作宾语的动词有：enjoy,finish,feellike,consider,practise,keep,suggest,mind等。例女口：Sheenjoysreadingnovelsandswimming.Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.2）常用不定式,而不用・ing形式作宾语的动词有:wish,hope,agree,plan,decide,refuse等。例如：Wheredowishtosit?Tomagreedtolendsomemoney.3）有些及物动词既可用不定式，由可用・ing形式作宾语，但意义不同。这类动词常见的有：remember,forget等。例如：Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.请记住替我发了这封信。Irememberpostingtheletter.我记得那封信寄过了。Stop的用法同上面的词相仿，不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语，而是作状 语。试比较下列句子:Hestoppedtosmoke・他停下来吸烟。Hestoppedsmoking.他停止吸烟了。4）有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用・ing形式，意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有：like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。例如: Iliketoswiminsummer.Ilikeswimminginsummer.（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。例如：Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Hegavemeanapple.1）及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语，指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前需加介词。例如：Pleasepassmeacupoftea.=Pleasepassacupofteatome.Showmeyournewbook,please・=Pleaseshowyournewbooktome.2）把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词to,有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加to。在动词buy,make,get等之后加for。例如：Wouldyoulendmeyourdictionary,please?=Wouldyoulendyourdictionarytome,please?Tom，smotherboughthimapairofnewshoes.二Tom，smotherboughtapairofnewshoesforhim.⑸主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如：Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy>Ihearsomeonesinginginthenextroom.1）及物动词指后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：WecallhimJack.DoiVtgetyourhandsdirty>2）在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用・ing形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程；用・iiig形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如：Iheardhimsingthatsong.（我听他唱过那首歌。）WhenIcameback,Iheardhimsingingintheroom・（我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。）3）在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,listento,lookat使役动词let,make,have等的复合宾语种，不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。例如：Isawhimgointotheroom. Hewasseentogointotheroom・【演练】1.Wouldyoupleasedrivefaster?Myflightis•A.takingoffB.gettingoffC.turningoffD.puttingoff2.OnOctober15,2003Chinaitsfirstman-madespaceship,whichmadeYangLiweiaherotomanykids.A.setoutB.SetoffC.sentupD.sentout3.…Howisthepl町going?・-Wearegoingtothedayaftertomorrow.A.putonitB.putitoffC.putitonD.putitoff4.MrGreenisbusythenewspaperwhilehiswifeisbusythehousework.A.reading;withB.toread;withC.toread;doingD・with;todo5.Wehavetoourthingsifwetravelonatrainorabus.A.lookatB.lookupC.looklikeD.lookafter6.•“Ifyouanewidea,pleasecallmeassoonaspossible.―Sure,Iwill.A・keepupwithB.catchupwithC.feedupwithD.comeupwith7.—ZhouJielunissocookPmhisfan.A.SodoIB>SoIdoC>SoamID.SoIam&•“YournewsweaterlooksbeautifuLIsitpurewool?・-Yes,andifsInnerMongolia.A.madeby;madeforB.madeof;madebyC.madeof;madeinD.Madeby;madefrom9.Pleasetheboxcarefully.ItisfilledwithglassesA・putdownB.putonC.putoffD.puttogether10>…!Thereacarcoming!…Oh.Thanks・A.LookoverB>LookupC.LookonD.Lookout11<•“Look!Thebusiscoming*・-Butifsfullofpeople.Wecan，t・A.getoffB.getdownC.getonwithD.geton12.…Excuseme.Where，stheScienceMuseum?…TakeNo.3busandatthefourthstop. A.getonB>getoffC.getupD.getto13.Ifsverycoldtoday.You，dbetterputyourcoatwhenyougoout.A・awayB.downC.onD.up14>MissLitoldthechildrentowalkoneafteranotherShedidn，twantthemtointheparkA・getwrongB・getawayC.getlostD.getready15.Theflowersstarttoinspring*A.comeinB.comeoutC.comefromD.cometo16.Lucy,couldyoupleasehelpmethemapontheblackboard?A.putintoBeputupC.putoutD.puton17."Getaladder,please.Icaift•”Jimsaidinatalltree.A.comebackB・comeoutC.comedownD・comeover18.1havemyparents,andnowFmansweringit.AeheardofB.heardfromC.heardD.heardabout19.1can，tseethewordsclearly.CanIthelight?A.turnonB.putoffC.holdonD.takeoff20.Assoonasthemanwalkedintothewarmroom,hehisheavycoatandsatdown.A.tookawayB.tookdownC.tookoffD.tookup【练习答案】1.A2.C3.C4.A5.D6.D7.C8.C9.A10.D11.D12.B13.C14.C15.B16.B17.C18.B19.A20.Cp付：练习（一）完型专练阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Thesedayscomputergameshavebecomemoreandmorepopularinmanycitiesandtowns.Alotofsmallshopsalongbusy1havechangedintocomputergamehousestogetmore_2_•Theseplacesarealwayscrowdedwithpeople.Inthecomputergamehouses,people_3_alotofmoneymatchingonthemachines.Ifs4foronetobeatacomputer,butonecandowellaftertryingagainandagain.Peoplewantto_5—whentheyplaycomputergames.Themorethey__6_.themoretheywanttowin,andatlasttheyevencanH_7—withoutit.Theresultisthatsomepeopledoiftwantto8andtheyplayincomputergamehousesfor hoursandhours.Forschoolboys,thingsare_9_・Theydon，twanttohave10_•Whenschoolisover,theyrushtothecomputergamehousesneartheir_11_Someofthemarenot13―enoughtogetthemoney.Sotheyhavetostealorrobothers5andbecome_14_.Computergameaddiction（上瘾）isa15—probleminourlife.Somethinghastobedonetostopit.i.A・streetsB.schoolsC.townsDecities2.A.boysB.moneyC.computersD.students3.A.takeB.spendC.costD・pay4.A.possibleB.easyC.goodD.hard5.A.readB>learnC.winD>download6・A・loseB.tryC.wasteD>watch7.A・comeB.liveC.studyDwork9.A.betterB>excitingC.evenworseDeinteresting10.A.lessonsB.gamesC・familiesDesports11>A>classesB・roomsC.schoolsD.shops12・A・classmatesteachersC.sistersD.parents13.A>luckyBeunluckyC.carefulD.polite14eA.goodB.badC.richD.poor15.A.importantB.wonderfulC.unusualDeseriousConcorde^BirthdayCONCORDE,theworldsfastesttravelerplane,willsoonbeover33yearsold.Itfirst_1on2March,1969inFrance.Concordewasdeveloped_2_bothFranceandBritain*From1956thesetwocountrieshada3ofasupersonic（超声速的）travelerplane.In1962theystartedto_4―togetherontheplan>Theplane_5―overL5billionpoundstodevelop.Itisthemosttestedplaneinthehistory.It6over5,000hoursoftesting*Concordefliesattwicethespeedof__7•Thismeansthatit 8only3hours25minutestoflybetweenLondonandNewYork,comparewith7-8hoursinothertravelerplanes._9—thefive-hourtimedifferencebetweentheUSAandBritain，itis10totravelwestonConcordeandarriveinNewYorkbeforeyouleaveLondon!Youcancatchthe10:30a.m.11fromLondon,HeathrowandstartworkinNewYorkanhour_12!Concordeismuchusedbybusinesspeopleandfilmstars*EachConcordeisbuilt13acostof55millionpounds.Twentyhavebeenbuilt14•AirFranceandBritishAirway15themost.Theyeachhavesevenplanes.LA.inventedBeproducedC.flewD.tookoff2.A.forB.byC.fromD.with3.A.talkB.fightC.meetingD・dream4.A.workB.doC.carryD.finish5.A.paidB.wantedC.neededD.cost6.A.gaveB>wasgivingC.wasgivenDA.planeBepassengerC.flightD.airline12.A.laterB.lateC.earlierD>early13.A.withB.atC.forD.on14.A>sowellB・sosoonC・soexpensiveDmakeCOneafternoonjustbeforeChristmas,anoldmanwaswalking1thecitycenter.Theshopswereallfullofgoodthingsandthey2—withcheerfulshoppers.Suddenlyhesawadirtyboysittingonthegroundcryingsadly>Whenthe3oldmanaskedhimwhyhe4■thelittleboytoldhimthathehad5atenpennypiecethathisuncle_6__him.Atoncetheoldmanpulledoutahandfulofcoins.He_7_outashiningnewtenpennypieceandhandedittothechild."Thankyouverymuch，”saidthelittleboy,dryinghis8•Hecheeredupatonce.Anhourorsolater,theoldmanwasmakinghisway_9—homebythesameroad.Tohis10hesawthedirtylittleboyinthesameplace,cryingsadlyas11•Hewentuptotheboyandaskedhim12hehadlostthetenpennypiecehehad 13_givenhimaswelLTheboytoldhimthathehadnotlostthesecondcoin14hestillcouldiftfindthefirstone.u_15_Icouldfindmyownpiece，"hecried,“Iwouldhavetwentypencenow•”1>A>bybetweenC.throughDeover2.A.werecrowdedwerecrowdingC.crowdedDsadC・happyD.kind4>A・criedB.hadcriedC.wascryingD.wouldcry5.A・spentB.leftC・paidD.lost6.A・hadtakenB.hadbroughtC.hadgivenD.hadborrowed7・A・pickedBemadeC.gaveD.left&A・mouthB.eyesC.feetD.ears9・A>onB.backC.toD.for10.A.surpriseB・joyC.sadnessD・excitement11.A>usuallyB.usualC.beforeD.well12>A.wherewhenC.whyD.if13.A.justBejustnowCerightnowDWaterpollution8ourfishandpollutesourdrinkingwater.Noisepollutionmakesusbecome9moreeasily.Manycountriesaremakingrulestofightpollution.They10peoplefromburningcoal（煤）inhousesandfactoriesinthecity,andfromputtingdirty11intotheair. PollutionbySO2isnowthemost12kindofairpollution>Itiscausedbyheavytraffic-Itistruethatiftherearefewerpeople13>therewillbelessairpollution*Theearthisourhome.Wemusttakecareofit.Thatmeans14theland,waterandairclean.Andwemusttakecareofthe15inipollutionatthesametime-1.A・FlightB.SleepingC.LifeD・Meeting2.A.difficultiesB.businessC.jobsD.problems3.A.smellB・touchC.dreamDA>continueB.finishC-stopD・start11・A.fireB.litterC・windD.smoke12>A-dangerousB.■importantC.interestingD.popular13.A.drivingB.playingC-swimmingD.dancing14.A-increasingB.producingC-keepingD.making15-A.riseB.informationC•priceD・progress完形填空参考答案A篇l.A2.B3.B4.D5.C6.A7.B8.D9.C10.All.C12.D13.A14.B15.DB篇l.C2.B3.D4.A5.D6.C7.A8.B9.D10.All.C12.C13.B14.D15.BC篇l.C2.A3.D4.C5.D6.C7.A8.B9.B10.All.C12.D13.A14.B15.CD篇l.C2.D3.A4.B5.B6.C7.A8.D9.B10.Cll.D12.A13.A14・C15・B练习（二）阅读专练阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。Mr.Readwasborninasmallvillagewithhighmountainsallaroundit.Hehasfewfields andhecan，tgetenoughfoodforhisfamily-He，softenworriedaboutit.Soheworksharderandharderandtrieshisbesttogetmoremoney.Oneafternoon,Mr.Readwentouttolookforsomegrassforhiscows.Itwasveryhotandhehadtohaveaswim.Suddenlyhesawabigtortoiseinthewater•Heswamthereandcaughtit.Thenextmorninghewenttothetowntosellitinthemarkets-Whenhewaswalkinginthestreet,acarhithimdownandhewashurt-Hewassenttohospitalatonce.Thedoctorslookedhimoverandhadanoperationonhim.Twoweekslaterhefeltmuchbetter.Thedoctorsweresatisfiedwiththeoperationandsaid,"You，llbefullyrecoveredinaweek.We，resureyoucanwritewhenyouleavehospital.”“Wsreallyamiracle（奇迹）！”shoutedMr.Read，“Icouldneitherreadnorwritebefore!”1-TheReadshavelittlefoodbecauseA.theyliveinasmallvillageB.theyhavefewfieldsC.theyretoolazytoworkD.nobodywouldhelpthemtogetmoney2.Mr.ReadjumpedintotheriverbecauseA.hewantedtogetsomegrassinthewaterB.hewantedtolookforatortoiseinthewaterC.hewantedtohaveagoodrestinthewaterD.hewantedtohaveaswim3.Mr.Read'swashurtinthetrafficaccident.A.headB・legC・righthandD・lefthand4.InChinesethephrase"befullyrecoveredwmeansA・完全覆盖B・全部找回C・恢复疲劳D・恢复健康5.Whatthedoctorsaidmeantthat•A.hedidaverysuccessfuloperationB.thefarmerwasluckyenoughtowriteaftertheoperationC.theaccidenthelpedthefarmertowriteD.hetaughtthefarmertowritewhilehewasstayinginhospitalHappinessisforeveryone.Youdon^tneedtocareaboutthosepeoplewhohavebeautifulhouseswithlargegardensandswimmingpoolsorthosewhohavenicecarsandalotofmoneyandsooikWhy?Becausethosewhohavebighousesmayoftenfeellonelyandthosewhohavecarsmaywanttowalkonthecountryroadsattheirfreetime.Infact,happinessisalwaysaroundyouifyouputyourheartintoit.Whenyouarein troubleatschool,yourfriendswillhelpyou;whenyoustudyhardatyourlessons,yourparentsarealwaystakinggoodcareofyourlifeandyourhealth;whenyougetsuccess,yourfriendswillsaycongratulationstoyou;whenyoudosomethingwrong,peoplearoundyouwillhelpyoutocorrectitAndwhenyoudosomethinggoodtoothers,youwillfeelhappy,too.Alltheseareyourhappiness*Ifyounoticethem,youcanseethathappinessisalwaysaroundyou.Happinessisnotthesameasmoney.Itisafeelingofyourheart.Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan，tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourselfSoyoucannotalwayssayyouarepoorandyouhavebadluck.Asthesayinggoes,lifeislikearevolving（旋转）door.Whenitcloses,italsoopens.Ifyoutakeeverychanceyouget,youcanbeahappyandluckyperson.LHappinessisfor•A.thosewhohavelargeandbeautifulhousesB.thosewhohavecarsC>thosewhohavealotofmoneyD>allpeople2.Whenyoudosomethingwrong,•A.youmaycorrectitB.youwillhavenochancetochallengeyourselfCeanybodywilllaughatyouD.youwillbehappy3.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A・Whenyougetsuccess,yourfriendswillbeveryproudofyou.Youcangethelpfromotherswhenyoumakemistakes.CeverythingcanbeboughtwithmoneyD・onlyrichpeoplehavehappiness5.Whichisthetitleofthepassage?A・DoSomethingGoodtoOthersB.HappyandLucky COnenight,alittlebeforenineo，clock，DrJohnsonwasansweringatelephonecalkHewasaskedtogoandgiveanoperationtoaverysickboyatonce.TheboywasinasmallhospitalinGlensFalls,sixtymilesawayfromDrJohnson^city-Albany.TheboyhadhurthimselfinatrafficaccidentHiswifewasindanger,buthisfamilywassopoorthattheycouldnotpaythedoctoranything*Afterheheardallthis,DrJohnsonwasdrivingcarefully.Hethoughtthathecouldgettothehospitalbefore12o，clock・Afewminuteslater,thedoctor^carhadtostopforaredlightatacrossing.Suddenlyamaninanoldblackcoatopenedthedoorofthecarandgotin."Driveon，，，hesaid."I'vegotagun（枪）・""I，madoctor,”saidJohnson,"I，monmywaytoahospitaltooperateonaverysick・・・”“Don，ttalkJsaidthemanintheoldblackcoat,"Justdrive?5Amileoutofthetownheorderedthedoctortostopthecarandgetout.Thenthemandroveondowntheroad>Thedoctorstoodforamomentinthesnow.Afterhalfanhour,DrJohnsonfoundatelephoneandcalledataxi.AttherailwaystationhelearnedthatthenexttraintoGlensFallswouldnotleaveuntil12o，clock.Itwasaftertwoo，clockinthemorningwhenthedoctorarrivedatthehospitalinGlensFalls.MissClarke,anurse,waswaitingforhim>"Ididmybest，”saidDrJohnson*MissClarkesaid，"Theboydiedanhourago.”Theywalkedintothewaitingroom.Theresatthemanintheoldblackcoat,withhisheadinhishands.“Mr.Shute,”saidMissClarketotheman,“thisisDrJohnson.HehadcomeallthewayfromAlbanytotrytosaveyourboy•”LFromthestoryweknowittookDrJohnsontogettothehospitaLA・12hoursB.7hoursC.only1hourD.about5hours2.DrJohnsonwaslatebecause•A・therewassomethingwrongwithhiscarB>astrangemanmadeithardtodriveC.astrangemandrovehiscaraway D>thetraintoGlensFallswaslate2.FromthestoryweknowDrJohnson• A.wasagoodman,hedidn，tcareforthemoneyB.hurthimselfonthewaytoGlensFallsC.didtheoperationandboywassavedD.vvouldn^tdotheoperationuntiltheboy，sfamilypaidthemoney2.Themaninablackcoat•A.hittheboyandranawayB.tooktheboytothehospitalC.wastheboy，sfatherD.wastherealdoctor3.Themaninblackwouldfeelintheend.A.happyandpleasedB.regretful（悔恨）andsadC.worriedandangryD.tiredandhungryD.TheSingingDoctorNickPetrellaisadoctorinMontreatHeworks60hoursaweek.Hehastotakecareof159patientsaweekinthehospitalandathisoffice.He，sbeenadoctorfortenyears.DnPetrellagiveshispatientsgoodmedicaladvice.Buthedoesn，tjusttellhispatientswhattodo.Healsosingstothemontelevision!Dr>PetrellahashisownTVshow.Thedoctorstartstheshowwithasongandthengivesmedicaladvice.Heexplainsamedicalproblemordiseaseinsimplelanguage*Afterthat,hesingsanothersong.DnPetrellaproducesandperformsinhisownshoweveryweek.Theprogramisverypopularwithhispatientsandwithpeoplewhoenjoyhissinging.Hisdreamistoperform（表演）inLasVegas.Hisfavoritesongsarelovesongs,andhehasasmalldiskoflovesongsthathewrote.Dr.Petrellasays，“Ialwayslovedtosing.AllmyproblemsaregonewhenIsing•”ButwhenDr>Petrellawasyoung,hisfatherdidiftwanthimtobeasinger,sohewenttomedicalschooLSomepeopletellDr.Petrellahecanhelppeoplemoreasadoctor.ButDr.Petrellasayshehelpspeoplewhenhesings,too."Iliketomakepeoplesmile.Sometimesit'sdifficulttomakeasickpersonsmile>Medicineandentertainment（娱乐）bothtrytodothesamething.Theytrytomakepeoplefeelgood.”1.Dr>Petrellaworks60hoursaweek,becausehe•A.giveshispatientsmedicaladviceB.takescareof159patientsaweekC.singsontelevisionD.hashisownTVshow2.Dr.Petrella，soheiscalledasingingdoctorA・hasbeenadoctorfortenyearsB.alwayslovedtosing C.ispopularwithhispatientsD.alsosingstohispatientsonTV1.InhisTVshow,Dr.Petrella・A>singsandgivesmedicaladviceB.singsaboutdifferentdiseasesC.startstoexplaindiseaseswithasongD・singslovesongshewrote2.DrB.atmedicalschoolC.withpeoplewholikehissingingD.withpatientsinMontreal3.DnPetrellasayshelikesto•A.helppeoplesingB.makepeoplefeelbetterCedothesamethingD.makedifficultpeoplesmileA.66DaysatSeaAcouplefromMiami,BillandSimoneBultler,spentsixty-sixdaysinalife-raft（救生艇）intheseasofCentralAmericaaftertheirboatsank.Twenty・onedaysaftertheyleftPanamaintheirboat,Siboney,theymetsomewhales."Theystartedtohitthesideoftheboat，”saidBill,"andthensuddenlyweheardwater.”Twominuteslater,theboatwassinking*Theyjumpedintothelife-raftandwatchedtheboatgounderthewater.Fortwentydaystheyhadtinsoffood,biscuits,andbottlesofwater.Theyalsohadafishing-lineandamachinetomakesaltwaterintodrinkingwater-twothingswhichsavedtheirlives.Theycaughteighttotenfishadayandatethemraw（生的）•Thenthelinebroke."Sowehadnomorefishuntilsomethingverystrangehappened.Somesharkscametofeed，andthefishundertheraftwereafraidandcametothesurface.Icaughtthemwithmyhands•”Abouttwentyshipspassedthem，butnoonesawthem.Afterfiftydaysatseatheirlife-raftwasbeginningtobreakup.Thensuddenlyitwasallover.Afishingboatsawthemandpickedthemup.Theycouldn^tstandup.Sothecaptain（船长）carriedthemontohisboatandtookthemtoCostaRica.Theirtwomonthsatseawasover.1.BillandSimoneweretravellingwhentheymetsomewhales.A>inalife-raftB.inMiamiC.inSiboneyD.inPanama2.Thewhaleshitthesideoftheboat,andthen.A.theybrokethesideoftheboattheybroughtinalotofwaterCetheypulledtheboatD.theywentunderthewater 3・Aftertheirboatsank,thecouple• A>jumpedintothelife-raftB.heardwaterC.watchedtheboatgounderwaterD.stayedinthelife-raft4.Duringtheirdaysatsea,savedtheirlives.A.tinsoffoodandbottlesofwaterB.afishing-lineandamachineC.whalesandsharksD.twentypassingships5.Whentheysawthefishingboatwhichlaterpickedthemup,•A・theyweretooexcitedtostandupB.theycouldiftwaittoclimbontotheboatC.theirlife-raftwasbeginningtobreakupD>theyknewtheirtwomonthsatseawouldbeoverFFromaplanewecanseethefields,cities,mountainsorseasbelow.Ifwegointospace,weseemoreandmoreoftheearth.Peopleandman-madesatelliteshavebeensentoutintospacetolookattheearthcarefullyandpeoplehavelearntmoreabouttheearthinthelastfewyears.Thesealooksverybeautifulwhenthesunisshiningonit.Butitcanbeveryterriblewhenthereisastrongwind.Theseaisverybig>Itnearlycoversthreequartersoftheearth.Theseaisalsoverydeepinsomeplaces.Thereisoneplaceandatthatplacetheseaisabout11kilometersdeep.Thehighestmountainintheworldisabout9kilometershigh.Ifthatmountainwasputintotheseaatthatplace,therewouldbestill2kilometersofwateraboveit!Inmostpartsofthesea,therearemanykindsoffishesandplants.Somelivenearthetopofthesea.Otherslivedeepdown.Therearealsoalotofsmalllivingthings,andlotsoffisheslivebyeatingthem.Theseacanbeverycold.Whenpeoplegodown,theseabecomescolderandcolder.Onlysomemencangodownintothedeepsea.But,in1970,fivewomenscientists（科学家）livedinthedeepseaforfourteendays.1.Thispassageis•A.ashortstoryB・forsciencereadingC.apieceofnewsD.areport2.Theseacoversaboutoftheearth.AOnethirdB>OnefourthC.TwoquartersD.Threefourths3.arenotmentioned（提及）inthispassage*A・IslandsBeFishesC.PlantsD.Livingthings 1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Theseaisusuallybeautifulwhenthesunisshining.B.Theseaisalwaysveryterriblewhenthewindblowshard.C.Thehighestmountainisinthedeepestplaceofthesea.D.Thedeeperthepeoplegointothesea,thecoldertheywillfeel.2.Thelastsentence"But，in1970,fivewomenscientistslivedinthedeepseaforfourteendays•”meansthat•A・womenwantedtoliveinthedeepseaforalongtimeA.womencouldgodeeperintotheseathanmenB.womenlikedlivinginthedeepseabetterthanmenC.womencoulddothesameworkasmen阅读理解参考答案A篇l.B2.D3・C4.D5.AB篇l.D2.A3.D4.B5.CC篇l.D2.C3.A4.C5.BD篇l.B2.D3.A4.C5.BE篇l.C2.A3.D4.B5.DF篇l.B2.D3.A4.C5.D