国际贸易专业英语全套课件

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1、国际贸易专业英语（第二版）檀文茹主编UnitOneInternationalTradeTheoriesPre-readingquestions:Whatisinternationaltradeabout?Whataretheincentivesforcountriestoengageininternationaltrade?Whattheoriesoninternationaltradehaveyoustudied?Whichtheoriesdoyouthinkbestexplainthenatureofinternationaltrade?Inwhatwayhavethesetheori

2、eshelpedyouunderstandinternationaltrade?MercantilismInternationaltradeisazerosumgame,i.e.thatthebenefitwhichonecountrygainsfrominternationaltrademeansacorrespondingdetrimenttoanothercountry.TheAbsoluteCostModelAcountryhasthelowestproductioncostsandsuppliesforeignmarkets,too,asaresult.Example:sayTu

3、rkeyandGreecehavethesameaveragewagelevelTheComparativeCostModelThecomparativecostmodelisbasedontwocountries,twoproductsandonefactorofproduction:labor.Technicalknow-howorthestateoftechnologyisdifferentinthetwocountries.Therearealsoconstantreturnstoscaleandperfectcompetition.TheHeckscher-Ohlin-Samue

4、lson(HOS)ModelThismodelwasalsobasedonthecomparativecostconceptandtheideathatcompetitivepositionsdependonthesupplyconditionsinspecificlocationsandarethereforelinkedtocountries(ratherthancompanies).TheLeontiefParadoxEmpiricalresearchconductedbyLeontiefquitesoonaftertheSecondWorldWarshowedthatthespec

5、ializationprocessintheUS,forexample,didnotcorrespondtowhatHOSpredicted(andthiswasrepeatedlyfoundinlaterresearch).WherefreetradeoughttohavecausedtheAmericanstoconcentrateincreasinglyonproducingrelativelycapital-intensivegoods–thegoodsinwhichtheUShadacomparativeadvantage–thisdidnotappeartobewhathapp

6、enedinpractice;theUSimportedrelativelycapital-intensivegoodsinsteadofexportingthem.FactorIntensityReversalAfundamentalcriticismoftheHOSmodelwasthatitassumesthatthesectorscanbearrangedinorderofcapital-intensityandthatthisarrangementisuniversal,i.e.thesameinallcountries.Thisdoesnotappeartobesoinreal

7、ity:forexample,wheretheagriculturalsectorintheindustrializedcountriesoftenhasaboveaveragecapital-intensity,inthedevelopingcountriesitisoftenhighlylabor-intensiveincomparisonwithothersectorsinthosecountries.Suchap