英语写作基础知识

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1、《英语应用文写作》英语句子（Sentences）英语段落（Paragraphs）英语篇章（Essay）写作基础知识(BasicWritingSkills)第一节英语句子(Sentences)1.1.1.英语基本句型1.1.2.英语句子种类1.1.3.有效句子1.1.1.英语基本句型（BasicElementsofaSentence）英语句子的主要构成成份有：S=Subject主语V=Verb动词O=Object宾语C=Complement补语A=Adverbial状语英语的七种基本句型：SV:主谓SVO:主谓宾SVC:

2、主谓补SVA:主谓状SVOO:主谓（间接）宾（直接）宾SVOC:主谓宾补SVOA:主谓宾状此外还有比较常用的Therebe句型，表示“存在，有”SV:Thesunisshining.SVO:Youshouldalsoconsiderthis.SVC:Theappletastesgood.SVA:Iwasatcollege.SVOO:Livingatcollegegivesmeasenseofresponsibility.SVOC:Thatmakesmeresponsibleformyownlife.SVOA:Youca

3、nputthedishonthetable.Therebe：Therearefriendlypeoplearoundtotalkwith.SamplesYourdinnerseemsready.()ImustsendmyparentsaChristmascard.()Thatclassinterestedme.()Myschoolisonthenextstreet.()Manystudentsfindthatbookveryhelpful.()Youmayputyourumbrellaunderthetable.()S

4、hewassmiling.()Wehavemadehertheheadofourgroup.()同步练习Nowreadthefollowingsentencesandtellwhichclausetypetheybelongto.SVCSVOOSVOSVASVOCSVOASVSVOC1.1.2.英语句子种类（TypesofSentences）1.句子按其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句2.句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句陈述句（DeclarativeSentence):adeclarativ

5、esentencemakesapositiveornegativestatementOurwarehouseshavelimitedfacilities.Heisnottherivalinnegotiation.疑问句(InterrogativeSentence):ainterrogativesentenceasksaquestion.Willyoupleasepayyourpromptattentiontothismatter?(GeneralQuestion)Example我们的仓库设施很有限。他不是谈判对手。Ex

6、ample对此问题，请及时加以注意。ExampleHowoldareyou?(SpecialQuestion)Isthedelegationleavingtodayortomorrow?(AlternativeQuestion)Youdidn’tgotoShanghai,didyou?(TagQuestion)祈使句(ImperativeSentence):animperativesentenceexpressesacommandorarequest.Pleasethinkoverthelocaltaxrate.Don

7、’topenthedoor.感叹句(ExclamatorySentence):anexclamatorysentenceshowsastrongfeelingoremotion.Whataleverboyheis!Howcarelesssheis!ExampleExampleExample简单句（SimpleSentence):asimplesentenceisonethatconsistsofasingleindependentclause.Wewouldappreciateapromptreply.并列句（Comp

8、oundSentence):acompoundsentenceisonethatcontainstwoormoreindependentclauses.Ihavefinishedthework,butthereisstillmuchtodo.ExampleExample复合句（ComplexSentence):acomplexse