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1、英语双专业课程论文开课学期：课程名称：美国文学任课教师：选课班级：姓名学号：成绩：论文完成时间：2012-7-30AbriefintroductiontoAmericanTranscendentalismAbstract:美国超验主义也叫“新英格兰超验主义”或者说“美国文艺复兴”是美国的一种文学和哲学运动。与拉尔夫•沃尔多・爱默生和玛格丽特•富勒有关,它宣称存在一种理想的梢神实体，超越于经验和科学Z处，通过直觉得以把握。领导人是美国思想家、诗人拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生。美国超验主义(Americantranscendentalism)是美国的一个重
2、要思潮,它兴起于十九世纪三十年代的新英格兰地区，但波及其他地方，成为美国思想史上一次重要的思想解放运动。它是与拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默纶以及梭罗相关的一种文学和哲学运动，宣称存在一种理想的精神实体，超越于经验和科学Z处，通过直觉得以把握。木文从超验主义的定义，起源，主耍观点，意义等方面论述。Keyword:美国超验主义粘:神爱默牛：理想主义BriefIntroduction:Transcendentalismisaphilosophicalmovementthatdevelopedinthe1830sand1840sintheNewEnglandre
3、gionoftheUnitedStatesasaprotesttothegeneralstateofcultureandsociety,andinparticular,thestateofintellectualismatHarvardUniversityandthedoctrineoftheUnitarianchurchtaughtatHarvardDivinitySchool.Amongthetranscendentalists*corebeliefswastheinherentgoodnessofbothmanandnature・Trans
4、cendentalistsbelievedthatsocietyanditsinstitutions-particularlyorganizedreligionandpoliticalparties-ultimatelycorruptedthepurityoftheindividual.Theyhadfaiththatmanisathisbestwhentruly"self-reliant”andindependent.Itisonlyfromsuchrealindividualsthattruecommunitycouldbeformed.l.
5、DeflnitionsLawrenceBuell,NewEnglandLiterary^Culture(1986)"Transcendentalism,infact,reallybeganasareligiousmovement,anattempttosubstituteaRomanticizedversionofthemysticalidealthathumankindiscapableofdirectexperienceoftheholyfortheUnitarianrationalistviewthatthetruthsofreligion
6、arearrivedatbyaprocessofempiricalstudyandbyrationalinferencefromhistoricalandnaturalevidence11(46).WilliamHenryChanning(1810-1844)"Transcendentalism,asviewedbyitsdisciples,wasapilgrimagefromtheidolatrousworldofcreedsandritualstothetempleoftheLivingGodinthesoul.Itwasaputtingto
7、silenceoftraditionandformulas,thattheSacredOraclemightbeheardthroughintuitionsofthesingle-eyedandpure-hearted・Amidstmaterialists,zealots,andskeptics,theTranscendentalistbelievedinperpetualinspiration,themiraculouspowerofwill,andabirthrighttouniversalgood・Hesoughttoholdcommuni
8、onfacetofacewiththeunnamcablcSpiritofhisspirit,andgavehimselfuptothe
