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1、DiagnosingtheCauseofScientificStandstill,UnravellingtheNeedhamPuzzle诊断科学停滞不前的原因，解开了李约瑟难题LIUYingqiul（刘迎秋）andLIUChunjiang（刘春江）President,DoctoralAdvisor,theGraduateSchooloftheChineseAcademyofSocialSciencesPh.D.ofEconomics,ChinaLifeInsuranceCompanyLtdAbs
2、tract:TherearediverseopinionsabouthowtosolvetheNeedhamPuzzle.Suchopinionsorschoolsofthoughtcanberoughlyclassifiedintothreetheoriesofa）geographicalconditions,b）empiricaltrialanderror,andc）privatepropertyrights.Althougheachschoolofthoughtmakessense,the
3、yallfailtofullyuncoverthemainreasonwhy,inmodernhistory,Chinalaggedbehindwesterncountriesinthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Inouropinion,thecorrectsolutionistodrawonhistoricalexperiences,integrateallschoolsofthought,proceedwithanemphasisonthedefin
4、itionandprotectionofpropertyrights,boostgovernmentinvestmentinbasicscientificresearch,strengthengovernmentservicefunctionality,activelydevelopNGOs,andopenmorewidelytotheoutsideworld,withaviewofpushingforwardChina"sscientificandtechnologicalinnovation
5、andacceleratingthepaceofChina"smodernization.Keywords:Needhampuzzle;Scienceandtechnologyinnovation;ModernizationdriveEditorialnoteAstheworld"scentreofscienceandtechnologyinthepasChinatakesgreatprideinitsfourgreatinventions.Economistsandhistorianscons
6、iderthatbythe14thcentury,ChinaalreadypossessedallthemajornecessaryconditionsforanindustrialrevolutionsimilartothatinBritainattheendofthe18thcentury.ThenwhydidmodernsciencesandindustrialmodernizationoriginateinWesternEurope?WhydidChina"seconomylongsta
7、ndstill?ThisarticleattemptstoexplaintheNeedhamPuzzlefromanewperspectiveandmakespolicyrecommendationsastohowChinashouldadvancescienceandtechnologymodernizationinthenewera.1.DifferentschoolsofthoughtontheNeedhampuzzleTheNeedhamPuzzleisabriefsummaryofth
8、equestionsraisedbyDr.JosephNeedham(1900-1995),afellowoftheBritishRoyalAcademyofSciencesandarenownedhistorianofChinesescienceandtechnology.WhenwritinghisbookentitledTheHistoryofChineseScienceandTechnology,Needhamlogicallyraisedaseriesofchallengingques
