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1、推荐阅读6AWorkaholicEconomy1Forthefirstcenturyorsooftheindustrialrevolution,increasedproductivityledtodecreasesinworkinghours.Employeeswhohadbeenputtingin12-hourdays,sixdaysaweek,foundtheirtimeonthejobshrinkingto10hoursdaily,then,finally,toeighthours,fivedaysaweek.Onlyagene
2、rationago,socialplannersworriedaboutwhatpeoplewoulddowithallthisnew-foundfreetime.IntheUS,atleast,itseemstheyneednothavebothered.2Althoughtheoutputperhourofworkhadmorethandoubledsince1945,leisureseemsreservedlargelyfortheunemployed.Thesewhoworkfull-timespendasmuchtimeon
3、thejobastheydidattheendofWorldWarII.Infact,workinghourshaveincreasednoticeablysince1970–perhapsbecauserealwageshavenotchangedmuchsincethatyear.Bookstoresnowaboundwithmanualsdescribinghowtomanagetimeandcopewithstress.3Thereareseveralreasonsforlostleisure.Since1979,compan
4、ieshaverespondedtoimprovementsinthebusinessclimatebyhavingemployeesworkovertimeratherthanbyhiringextrapersonnel,sayseconomistJulietB.SchorofHarvardUniversity.Indeed,thecurrenteconomicrecoveryhasgainedabadreputationforits“jobless”nature.Somefirmsareevendownsizingastheirp
5、rofitsclimb.4Yetahostoffactorspushesemployerstohirefewerworkersformorehoursand,atthesametime,compelsworkerstospendmoretimeonthejob.Mostofthosetriggersinvolvethestructureofcompensation:thewaysalariesandbenefitsareorganizedmakeitmoreprofitabletoask40employeestolaboranextr
6、ahoureachthantohireonemoreworkertodothesame40-hourjob.5Professionalandmanagerialemployeessupplythemostobviouslessonalongtheselines.Oncepeopleareonsalary,theircosttoafirmisthesamewhethertheyspend35hoursaweekintheofficeor70.Evenhourlyemployeesreceivebenefits–suchaspension
7、contributionsandmedicalinsurance–thatarenottiedtothenumberofhourstheywork.Therefore,itismoreprofitableforemployerstoworktheirexistingemployeesharder.6Forallthatemployeescomplainaboutlonghours,they,too,havereasonsnottotrademoneyforleisure.“Peoplewhoworkreducedhourspayahu
8、gepenaltyincareerterms,”Schormaintains.“It’stakenasanegativesignalabouttheircommitmenttothefirm.”LotteBailynof
