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ID:43365203
大小:2.31 MB
页数:57页
时间:2019-10-08
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1、真菌感染一、流行病学ICU患者IFI的病原菌主要包括念珠菌和曲霉ICU患者IFI仍以念珠菌为主,尽管非白念珠菌感染的发病率在上升,但白念珠菌仍是ICU患者IFI最常见的病原菌ICU患者侵袭性曲霉感染的发生率在逐年上升,并越来越受到重视一、流行病学侵袭性念珠菌感染的病死率达30%-60%,其中光滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌等非白念珠菌感染的病死率明显高于白色念珠菌尽管ICU患者侵袭性曲霉感染发生率低,但其病死率高NosocomialBloodstreamInfectionsinUSHospitals:Analysisof24,17
2、9CasesHilmarWisplinghoff,etal.ClinicalInfectiousDiseases2004;39:309–17HilmarWisplinghoff,etal.ClinicalInfectiousDiseases2004;39:309–17DistributionofCandidaspeciesandassociatedcrudemortality近年来,非白色念珠菌的分离率有所上升全球ARTEMISDisk研究结果显示:1997-2003年非白色念珠菌分离率有所升高10.5%(n=2475)
3、9.3%(n=2047)9.2%(n=1112)10.7%(n=2431)10.2%(n=2635)11.5%(n=3974)分离率(%)MAPfaller,etal.JClinMicrobiology.2005:5848-5859.难治性念珠菌已占据重要地位BassettiMetal.BMCinfectdis.2006;6:21-27.ShorrAFetal.CritCareMed.2007;35:1077-1083一项自1999-2003年,对ICU1182例念珠菌血症患者的回顾性分析结果120年前,难治性念珠菌的
4、发病仅为20%240%23%15%9%13%白色念珠菌光滑念珠菌近平滑念珠菌热带念珠菌其它Whatistheconnectionbetweenintensivecareandfungalinfection?二、高危因素RiskFactorsforInvasiveCandidiasis3antibioticsAntibiotics4dTime4dinICUMechanicalventilation>48HighAPACHEIIscoreAbdominalsurgeryCVCTPNARFNeutropeniaImmu
5、nosuppression(chemotherapy,steroids,othertherapies)ConcomitantinfectionDiabetesmellitusCandidacolonization2sitesCandiduria(>100,000colonies)PappasPGetal.ClinInfectDis2004;38:161-189;Ostrosky-ZeichnerLetal.CritCareMed2006;34:857-63ICU患者念珠菌血症的高危因素一项10年(1990-2000)
6、的回顾性荟萃分析患者比例(%)CharlesPEetal.IntensiveCareMed.2003;29:2162-2169.ScandinavianJournalofInfectiousDisease2007ToinvestigateCandidacolonizationpatternandcolonizationindex(CI),incombinationwithotherriskfactorsandtheirrelationtoinvasivecandidainfection(ICI)inpatientswit
7、halengthofstay(LOS)7daysToidentifyspecificpatientgroupsthatmaybenefitfromantifungalprophylaxisAIMSAhighCI(0.8)andrecentextensivegastro-abdominalsurgerywasidentifiedassignificantriskfactorsforacquiringinvasivecandidainfectionTheincidenceofICIwashigh(17%)intheICUpa
8、tientpopulationstudied,despiteafrequentuseofantifungalagents,reflectingthatthemajorityofthepatientswereburdenedbyseveralriskfactorsCONCLUSIONS侵袭性真菌感染(invasivef
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