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1、UnitThreeTEXTIWALLSANDBARRIERSI.Paraphrasethepartsunderlinedinthefollowing:Ofcourse,myfatherisagentlemanoftheoldschool,amemberofthegenerationtowhomagooddealofmodernarchitectureis1unnerving;butIsuspectthathisnegativeresponsewasnotsomuchtothearchitectureastoaviolationofhisconceptofthenatureofmoney.Inh
2、isgenerationmoneywasthoughtofasa2tangiblecommodity---bullion,banknotes,coins---thatcouldbe3hefted,carried,orstolen.Consequently,toattractthe4customofasensibleman,abankhadtohaveheavywalls,barredwindows,andbronzedoors,toaffirmthefact,howeveruntrue,thatmoneywouldbesafeinside.Ifabuilding’sdesignmadeitap
3、pear5impregnable,theinstitutionwasnecessarily6sound,andthemeaningoftheheavywallasanarchitecturalsymbol7dweltintheprevailingattitudetowardmoney,ratherthaninanyaesthetictheory.Butthatattitudetowardmoneyhasofcoursechanged.Thebankernolongeroffersusasafe,heoffersusaservice---aserviceinwhichthemostvaluabl
4、eelementsare8dashandacreativeflairfortheinventionoflargenumbers.TheManufacturersTrustisagreatcubicalcageofglasswhosebrilliantlylightedinteriorchallengeseventhebrightnessofasunnyday,whilethedoortothevault,9farfrombeingsecludedandguarded,issetoutasawindowdisplay.Justastheolderbank10asserteditsinvulner
5、ability,thisbankbyitsarchitectureboastsofitsimaginativepowers.Fromthispointofviewitishardtosaywherearchitectureendsand11humanassertionbegins.Infact,thereisnosuchdivision;thetwoareoneandthesame.Intheageofsociologyandpsychology,wallsarenotsimplywallsbutphysicalsymbolsofthe12barriersinmen’sminds.Inapri
6、mitivesociety,forexample,menpicturedtheworldaslarge,fearsome,hostile,andbeyondhumancontrol.Thereforetheybuiltheavy,wallsofhugeboulders,behindwhichtheycouldfeelthemselvestobeina13delimitedspacethatwascontrollableandsafe;theseheavywallsexpressedman’sfearoftheouterworldandhisneedtofindprotection,howeve
7、rillusory.Itmightbearguedthattheundevelopedtechnologyoftheperiod14precludedtheconstructionofmoredelicatewalls.Still,itwasnottechnology,butafearfulattitudetowardtheworld,whichmadepeoplewanttobuildwalls
