AtomicStructure-SwanshurstSchool：原子结构swanshurst学校

《AtomicStructure-SwanshurstSchool：原子结构swanshurst学校》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、AtomicStructureUnit1:ChemistryandOurEarthTeacher’snotesincludedintheNotesPageFlashactivity(theseactivitiesarenoteditable)AccompanyingworksheetPLTSFormoredetailedinstructions,seetheGettingStartedpresentationWhatisanatom?Anatomisthesmallestparticlethatcanexistonitsown.Ato

2、msaretiny.Asingleatomisabout0.00000001cmwide.Goldisanelementmadeupofonlygoldatoms.Inthelate20thcentury,electronmicroscopeswereinvented.Theseverypowerfulmicroscopeshaveallowedscientiststolookatatoms.ThestructureofanatomAnatomismadeofsmallerparticlesknownassubatomicpartic

3、les.Theseparticlescannotexistontheirown.Electronsarenegativelychargedparticlesspreadaroundtheedgeoftheatom.Thecentreoftheatomiscalledthenucleus.Itiscomposedoftwodifferenttypesofparticlescallednucleons.Protonsarenucleonswithapositivecharge.Neutronsareunchargednucleons.L

4、abeltheatomHowwasatomicstructurediscovered?MassandelectricalchargeTherearetwopropertiesofprotons,neutronsandelectronsthatareespeciallyimportant:masselectricalcharge.Theatomsofanelementcontainequalnumbersofprotonsandelectronsandsohavenooverallcharge.-1almost001+11electro

5、nneutronprotonChargeMassParticlePropertiesofsubatomicparticlesIn1989,anIBMresearchercalledDonEiglercreatedtheIBMlogooutof35individualxenonatoms.Thiswasthebirthofnanotechnology,withtheideathatdevicescouldbebuiltatombyatom.IBMhavenowusedgoldatomstostoreinformation,andtrap

6、pedcarbonmonoxidetouseincomputercircuits.Theatomswereindividuallymovedwithascanningtunnellingmicroscope.Youcannotseetheatomsmove,butyouseeabeforeandafterimage.Casestudy:artandatomsIsotopesSomeelementslikecarbonaremadeupofamixtureofisotopes.Isotopesofanelementhavethesame

7、numberofprotonsandelectronsbutadifferentnumberofneutrons.Isotopeshavethesamechemicalpropertiesbecausetheyhavethesamenumberofprotons.However,isotopeshavedifferentphysicalpropertiesbecausetheyhavedifferentmasses.Thenumberofprotonsdeterminesthetypeofelement.CarbonisotopesO

8、bjectsfoundatanarchaeologicaldigcanbedifficulttodate.Iftheobjectswereonceliving,radiocarbondatingcanbeused.Liv