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时间:2019-10-03
《毒理学基础第三章毒物的生物转运与生物转化》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、BIOTRANSPOTATIONANDBIOTRANSFORMATIONOFTOXICANTS毒物的生物转运与生物转化CHAPTER3ABSORPTIONCELLMEMBRANESINTRODUCTIONDISTRIBUTIONEXCRETIONBIOTRANSFORMATIONBIOTRANSPOTATION9/5/20212INTRODUCTIONDispositionprocess(ADME):→Absorption(吸收)→Distribution(分布)→Metabolism(代谢)→Excretion(排泄)Page24Biotransprotation(
2、生物转运)Biotransformation(生物转化)9/5/202139/5/20214研究外源化学物ADEM过程的意义:阐明外源化学物毒作用机制,阐明对化学物处置的种属差异,可用于预测人类暴露化学物后的处置及在毒性中的作用。有助于阐明化学物的联合作用机制。通过改变外源化学物的ADME过程来预防和治疗化学中毒。9/5/20215摄入(ingestion)胃肠道(gastrointestinaltract)粪便(feces)吸入(inhalation)肺(lung)肝(liver)胆(bile)血液和淋巴液(bloodandlymph)膀胱(bladder)尿(ur
3、ine)经皮肤(dermal)肾脏(kidney)肺脏(lung)肺泡(alveoli)呼出气(expiredair)器官(organ)细胞外液(Extracellularfluid)腺体(gland)分泌液(secretions)Routeofabsorption,distributionandexcretionoftoxicantinthebody.9/5/20216生物膜与生物转运BiologicalMembraneandBiotranspotation9/5/20217Biomembrane(生物膜)Phospholipidbilayer9/5/20218Bi
4、otrospotationMechanisms(生物转运的机理)PassiveTransport(被动转运)SimpleDiffusion(简单扩散)Filtration(滤过)FacilitatedDiffusion(易化扩散)Page259/5/20219ActiveTransport(主动转运)Cytosis(膜动转运)Endocytosis(胞吞)Exocytosis(胞吐)Phagocytosis(吞噬)Pinocytosis(胞饮)9/5/202110PassiveTransport(被动转运)1.SimpleDiffusion:alsobecalleda
5、slipiddiffusion,mosttoxicantscrosscellmembranesbysimplediffusion.9/5/202111FactorsRelatedtotheSimpleDiffusionTheconcentrationgradientacrossthemembrane.(膜两侧的浓度梯度)Thelipidsolubility—lipid/waterpartitioncoefficient(脂溶性:脂水分配系数)Theionizationform—ionizationconstant,pKa(解离状态:解离系数)9/5/2021122.F
6、iltrationWhenwaterflowsinbulkacrossaporousmembrane,anysolutesmallenoughtopassthroughtheporesflowswithit.Resultsfromthehydrostaticand/orosmoticpressure.由于水压和渗透压产生的水流可顺压差携带化学物穿过膜孔。9/5/2021133.FacilitatedDiffusionFacilitateddiffusionissimilartoactivetransportbutdosenotmovemoleculesagainsta
7、concentrationgradient.Furthermore,itisnotenergy-dependent,andmetabolicpoisonswillnotinhibitthisprocess.顺浓度梯度,不耗能,需载体。9/5/202114ActiveTransport(主动转运)Characters:Chemicalsaremovedagainstconcentrationgradients.逆浓度梯度转运Thetransportsystemissaturatedathighsubstrateconcentrationandexhib
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