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1、Unit1ManagementInformationSystemTextIntroductiontoManagementInformationSystemWhatIsMIS?Thefirststepinlearninghowtoapplyinformationtechnologytosolveproblemsistogetabroaderpictureofwhatismeantbythetermmanagementinformationsystem・Youprobablyhavesomeexperiencewithusingc
2、omputersandvarioussoftwarepackages.Yet,computersareonlyonecomponentofamanagementinformationsystem.Amanagementinformationsystem(MIS),orcomputerinformationsystem(CIS),consistsoffiverelatedcomponents:hardware,software,people,procedures,andcollectionsofdata.Theterminfor
3、mationtechnology(IT)representsthevarioustypesofhardwareandsoftwareusedinaninformationsystem,includingcomputersandnetworkingequipment.ThegoalofMISistoenablemanagerstomakeheiferdecisionsbyprovidingqualityinformation.Thephysicalequipmentusedincomputingiscalledhardware.
4、Thesetofinstructionsthatcontrolsthehardwareisknownassoftware.Intheearlydaysofcomputers,thepeopledirectlyinvolvedinMIStendedtobeprogrammers,designanalysts,andafewexternalusers・Today,almosteveryoneinthefirmisinvolvedwiththeinformationsystem.Proceduresareinstructionsth
5、athelppeopleusethesystems.Theyincludeitemssuchasusermanuals,documentation,andprocedurestoensurethatbackupsaremaderegularly.Data-basesarecollectionsofrelateddatathatcanberetrievedeasilyandprocessedbythecomputers.Asyouwillseeinthecasesthroughoutthebook,allofthesecompo
6、nentsarevitaltocreatinganeffectiveinformationsystem.Sowhatisinformation?Onewaytoanswerthatquestionistoexaminetheuseofinformationtechnologyonthreelevels:(1)datamanagement,(2)informationsystems,and(3)knowledgebases.Dataconsistsoffactualelements(oropinionsorcomments)th
7、atdescribesomeobjectorevent.Datacanbethoughtofasrawnumbersortext.Datamanagementsystemsfocusondatacollectionandprovidingbasicreports.Informationrepresentsdatathathasbeenprocessed,organized,andintegratedtoprovidemoreinsight.Informationsystemsaredesignedtohelpmanagersa
8、nalyzedataandmakedecisions・Fromadecisionmaker'sstandpoint,thechallengeisthatyoumightnotknowaheadoftimewhichinformationyouneed,soitishardto
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