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1、夏洛克人物分析ShylockisthemostvividandmemorablecharacterinTheMerchantofVenice,andheisoneofShakespeare'sgreatestdramaticcreations・Onstage,itisShylockwhomakestheplay,andalmostallofthegreatactorsoftheEnglishandContinentalstagehaveattemptedtherole・ButthecharacterofShylockhasalsobeenthesubjectofmuchcriti
2、caldebate:HowarewemeanttoevaluatetheattitudeoftheVenetiansintheplaytowardhim?Orhisattitudetowardthem?Isheabloodthirstyvillain?Orisheaman"moresinnedagainstthansinning〃？OneofthereasonsthatsuchquestionsariseisthattherearereallytwostageShylocksintheplay:first,thereisthestagez，villainz/whoisrequir
3、edfortheplot;second,thereisthehumanbeingwhosuffersthelossofhisdaughter,hisproperty,and,veryimportantlyforhim,hisreligion.Shylock，sfunctioninthisplayistobetheobstacle,themanwhostandsinthewayofthelovestories;suchamanisatraditionalfigureinromanticcomedies・Somethingorsomeonemustimpedeyoung,romant
4、iclove;here,itisShylockandthemanyandvariouswaysthatheislinkedtothethreesetsoflovers・ThefactthatheisaJewis,inasense,accidenta1.Shakespearewantedtocontrastliberalityagainstselfishness一intermsofmoneyandintermsoflove・Therewassuchafigureavailablefromtheliteratureofthetime,onemanwhocouldfulfillboth
5、functions:thismanwouldbeausurer,ormoneylender,withabeautifuldaughterthatheheldontoastightlyashedidhisducats・UsurywasforbiddentoChristiansbythechurchoftheMiddleAges,andasaconsequence,moneylendingwascontrolledbytheJews:asarule,itwasusuallytheonlyoccupationwhichthelawallowedtothem.Asaresult,agre
6、atdealofmedievalliteratureproducedtheconventionalfigureoftheJewishmoneylender,usuallyasaminorcharacter,butalsotoo,asamajorcharacter・ItisfromthismedievalliterarytraditionthatShakespeareborrowsthefigureofShylock,justasMarlowedidforhisJewofMalta・SomecommentatorshavesaidthatthecharacterofShylocki
7、sanexampleofElizabethan(andShakespeare'sown)anti-Semitism.Incontrast,manyhaveseenthecreationofShylockasanattackonthiskindofintolerance・ButShakespeare,theyforget,wasadramatist・liewasnotconcernedwitheitheranti-norpro-Semitism,exceptinthewayitsh
