语言测试的基本理论

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1、TheoriesandPracticeofEnglishLanguageTestingChapterOne:BasicNotionsaboutLanguageTesting1..1Whatislanguagetesting,andwhatisitconcernedabout?（语言测试的性质和目的）Languagetestingreferstothesystematicandscientificwaystomeasureandevaluatelearners9learningresultandteachers5teachinge

2、ffectiveness・12Somebasicnotionsandpointsaboutlanguagetesting:121Whatislanguageabilityandmeasurementoflanguageability（语言能力的测量）？1.2.2.Scopeoflanguageabilityisshownasthefollowingdiagram:组织能力语用能力语法能力语音词汇词法句法语篇能力词语连接修辞结构语言功能能力表达功能控制功能教诲功能想象功能社会语言能力对方言或变体的语感对语域差异的语感对白然地道语言

3、的语感对文化含义或比喻的理解1.2.3LanguagemeasurementreferstothemeaningfulandappropriateinterpretationsthatEnglishteachersmakeonthebasisofagiventestscores・Asweknowthatlearners'languageabilityispsychologicalbehaviors,andisdifficulttomeasure・Therefore,wehavetousesomequantitativescore

4、sorcriteriatomeasureleamers,languageproduction.1.2.4Rulesforthemeasurementoflanguageability（语言能力的测量法则）1.2.5Rulesrefertothewaysandcriteriatomeasurelearners9languageability.Areliableandvalidmeasurementshouldbebasedonthereasonableandscientificrulesandmethods・1.2.6Whatis

5、alanguagetest?Alanguagetestreferstoanyproceduresformeasuringlearners?languagecompetenceandperformance.Anastasi（P可纟内斯塔西）,apsychologistdefinedthetestasastandardizedandobjectivemeasurementofbehaviorsamples1.（将心理测验定义为一种刈行为样本客观和标准化的测量1961）.1.2.7Whatisevaluation?Evaluation

6、referstoanysystematicproceduresforgatheringandanalysisofinformationforthepurposeofdecisionmaking.（为作ill某种决策而收集资料，并对只进行分析、解释的系统过程）Evaluationusesbothquantitativemethodsandqualitativemethods（量化、质化方法）toevaluatealearner'slanguagecompetenceandperformance.（Weiss,1972）1.3.Th

7、epurposeofLanguagetestsistomeasurealearner^slanguageability.Inordertoachievethispurpose,atestpaperisusuallydesignedtocheckortestthelearner・Andscoresobtainedbythelearnerareusedcluesorevidencetoevaluatethelearner9slanguagecompetenceandperformance.Atestpaper,justlikearu

8、lerformeasuringlength,andwidthofcertainobjects,shouldbeproper,scientificandaccurate,sothatwecangetthereliableandvalidevaluationofth