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1、TestOnePartIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneAmericansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,t
2、ocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShould,Like,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasrespo
3、nsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.（美国人对于英语的书面语和口语要求不再严格，不再把语言技巧当做能力。作家兼语言学家JohnMcWhorter新著《做自己的事：语言和音乐的退化为何我们应该、喜欢或在意》，书中他持有保守和自由两种观点，认为1960年代反传统文化的兴盛造成了正式英语的退化。）Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.MeMcWhorter^academicspecialityi
4、slanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom,”forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.（大家都在谴责I960年代的消极影响，但是它还不至于导致教育的落后。McWhorter认为有些很讲究的代词（如whom）逐渐消失，是很自然的事，并非坏事。）Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing,"hasspe
5、ltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.WhileeventhemodesUyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimre
6、alliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.（然而，对于真实和个性的狂热追求，“做自己想做的事”，宣告了正式的演讲、书信、诗歌和音乐的消逝。在1960年代以前，即便是仅接受过基础教育的人也在试图用高雅的语调书写文字。但是在那之后，即使是被认为是最优雅的文字也试图变得更加口语化。同样的，在诗歌领域，高度个性化和极富表现力的文体，才被视为唯一真正有活力的文学形式。在英语口语和书面语中，交谈已经胜过演说，自发性胜过了斟字酌句。）Illustr
7、atedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like,care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,including
