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1、SummaryTheglobalstory138countries.1,800projects.UptoUSD1trillionininvestmentoutlays.ItisfigureslikethesethathelptoillustratethesheerscaleandreachofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)sixyearsafteritslaunch.Forallthattherehavebeenbumpsalongtheway,itisoneofthemostambi
2、tiousinfrastructureandtradeexpansionprogrammeseverundertaken.China’spartnercountriesalreadyaccountfor40%oftheworld’spopulationand15%ofitsGDP–numbersthatcouldgrowevenlargerintheyearstocome.Andasitexpands,itsimpactonworldtradeandtheglobaleconomywillonlygrow.TheBRIi
3、smadeupofa“Belt”ofsixoverlandcorridors,whichbroadlytracktheold‘SilkRoad’throughcentralAsiaandintoEurope,andamaritime“Road”ofshippinglanes.Mostofthe138partnersarecountriesbasedalongtheseroutes,butbynomeansall.SomepartnerscanbefoundasfarafieldasLatinAmericaandtheCa
4、ribbean,whileinEurope,theyincludeItaly(hithertotheonlyG7membertohavesignedup),Poland,PortugalandGreece.ThesheerbreadthofprojectscoveredbytheBRIisoneofitsmostnoteworthyfeatures:fromrailwaysinBrunei,LaosandNigeriatoportsinDjiboutiandGreeceandbridgesinCroatiaandBang
5、ladesh.Again,projectsarenotjustalongtheBeltandRoadroutes:forexample,awindfarminChile,apotashplantinBoliviaandadrydockinTrinidadandTobago,alsocomeundertheBRIumbrella.EstimatesofthescaleofinvestmenttodatevarybetweenUSD120bnandUSD575bn–thoughsomeputitashighasUSD1tri
6、llion.Welookatwherethemorethan1,800projectsattributedtoBRIarelocated.Mosthavebeenconcentratedinenergyandinfrastructuredevelopment.But,astheinitiativeentersanewerphase,thereisanincreasingemphasisonmanufacturingandevenservices.BenefitsTheBRIhasalreadyhadadramaticim
7、pactoninternationalinfrastructuredevelopment.ChinaisnowanetproviderofFDIflowstotherestoftheworldandhasalreadystartedtospurmoreflowsofgoods,labourandcapitalbetweenitselfanditspartners.Formanyoftheparticipants,theinitiativepromisesnotjustgreaterconnectivitywithChin
8、abutalsoothercountriesalongthecorridors.Weakinfrastructurecanbeasignificantimpedimenttotradeflows.Ourtradeeconomistsestimatethatitcanoftenbemorecostlytobusines
