国际关系概论第二节国际体系

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1、《国际关系概论》第二节国际体系本节主要内容一、国际体系二、国际格局三、大国战略关系一、国际体系（一）体系1、国际关系的分析层次Levelsofanalysis:分析层次thedifferentaspectsofandagentsininternationalaffairsthatmaybestressedininterpretingworldpoliticsandexplainingglobalphenomena,dependingonwhethertheanalystchoosestofocuson‘wholes’(the

2、completeglobalsystemandlargecollectivities)oron‘parts’(individualstatesorpeople).Individuallevelofanalysis:个体层次Ananalyticalapproachthatemphasizesthepsychologicalandperceptualvariablesmotivatingpeople,suchasthosewhomakeforeignpolicydecisionsonbehalfofstatesandotherg

3、lobalactors.Statelevelofanalysis：国家层次ananalyticalapproachthatemphasizeshowtheinternalattributesofstatesinfluencetheirforeignpolicybehaviors.States’attributes:Statecharacteristicsthatshapeforeignpolicybehavior,suchasitssize,wealth,andtheextenttowhichitsleadersareacc

4、ountableto(负责向)itscitizensincomparisonwithotherstates.Globallevelofanalysis：体系层次ananalyticalapproachthatemphasizestheimpactofworldwideconditionsonforeignpolicybehaviorandhumanwelfare.2、国际体系Globalsystem：thepredominantpatternsofbehaviorsandbeliefsthatprevailinternati

5、onallytodefinethemajorworldwideconditionsthatheavilyinfluencehumanandnationalactivities.（二）不同理论流派如何看待“国际体系”1、现实主义体系结构：各国之间的权力分布状况（“极”，详见国际格局部分）。Realism:thepessimistictheoryderivedfromtheassumptionthatbecausehumansareborntoseekself-advantage,internationalpoliticsisd

6、oomedtobeanendlessstruggleforpowerinvolvingwar.2、自由主义体系过程（进程）：体系单位之间的互动模式。其决定因素主要有：体系结构（多级结构导致灵活的国家互动，而两极导致僵硬的国家互动过程）；文化和制度环境（影响国家参加合作的动机与能力）；国家的目标和手段（激进的还是温和的）。Liberalism:theoptimistictheoreticaltraditionthatbecausehumansarecapableofcompassionandself-sacrificeforc

7、ollectivegains,itispossibleforworldpoliticstoprogresstowardcooperationbeyondnarrowcompetitionandwar.3、激进主义（马克思主义）体系阶层分化：国际体系中国家的阶层分化。发展中国家（南方国家）/发达国家（北方国家）；边缘国家/半边缘国家/中心国家（世界体系论）；最不发达国家/低收入国家/中下收入国家/中上收入国家/高收入国家（世界银行）Communism:anideologymaintainingthatifsocietyisor

8、ganizedsothateverypersonproducesaccordingtohisorherabilityandconsumesaccordingtoneeds,acommunitywithoutclassdistinctionswillemerge,sovereignstate