linguistics semantics

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1、SEMANTICSTeachingAimsDefinitions:componentialanalysis;semanticfeatures;selectionalrestriction;argument;predicateTomakecomponentialanalysisofwords.Tomakepredicationanalysisofsentencemeaning.Acriticalunderstandingoftheoriesontheanalysisofmeaning.Questions1Findoutthedefinitionsofthefol

2、lowingnotions:componentialanalysis;semanticfeatures2WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofCA?3FindapairofwordsandmakeananalysisusingtheapproachofCA.Analysisofmeaning描述词汇意义：成分分析ComponentialanalysisComponentialAnalysis(knownasCA):meaningiscomposedofmeaningcomponentscalledsemanticfeatu

3、res.Plusandminussignsareusedtoindicatewhetherasemanticfeatureispresentorabsentinthemeaningofaword.e.g.Componentialanalysis,alsocalledfeatureanalysisorcontrastanalysis,referstothedescriptionofthemeaningofwordsthroughstructuredsetsofsemanticfeatures,whicharegivenas“present”,“absent”or

4、“indifferentwithreferencetofeature”.man=[+HUMAN]&[+MALE]&[+ADULT]woman=[+HUMAN]&[-MALE]&[+ADULT]boy=[+HUMAN]&[+MALE]&[-ADULT]girl=[+HUMAN]&[-MALE]&[-DAULT]wordsensecomponentsHUMANMALEADULTman+++woman+-+boy++-girl+--wordsensecomponentsMan+HUMAN+MALE+ADULTWoman+HUMAN-MALE+ADULTBoy+HUM

5、AN+MALE-ADULTgirl+HUMAN-MALE-ADULTExercises1EffectiveAnalysisbachelor=[+HUMAN]&[+MALE]&[+ADULT]&[-MARRIED]spinster=[+HUMAN]&[-MALE]&[+ADULT]&[-MARRIED]2WordrelationsHeisamarriedbachelor.Advantages:1Non-EffectiveAnalysishorse=〈ANIMAL〉〈EQUINE〉2Non-effectiveinwordrelationshipsparent=[A

6、NIMATE][HUMAN][MARRIED]child=[ANIMATE][HUAMN][-MARRIED]3ChangesGayDisadvantages:Questions1Findoutthedefinitionsofthefollowingnotions:selectionalrestrictions;Predicationanalysis;argument,predicate,2Whoproposedpredicationanalysis?3howmanykindsofsentencemeaningsdowehave?Whatarethey?4Ho

7、wmanykindsofargumentsarelistedinthetext?Whatarethey?Predicationanalysis述谓结构分析法Themeaningofasentenceisnottobeworkedoutbyaddingupalthemeaningsofitsconstituentwords.“Thedogbittheman.”/“Themanbitthedog.”Therearetwoaspectsinsentencemeaning:Grammaticalityandsemanticmeaning.Sentencescannei

8、therbegrammatically