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1、初中化学基本概念和重要物质ElementaryschoolchemistrybasicconceptsandimportantsubstancesFirst,basicconcepts,basictheoriesPhysicalchanges:nochangesintheproductionofothersubstancesarecalledphysicalchanges・Chemicalchanges:othersubstancesareproducedwhenthechangesaremade・Thechangesarecalledchem
2、icalchanges・Chemicalproperties:thepropertiesofmatterinchemicalchangesarecalledchemicalproperties・4.Physicalproperties:materialwithoutchemicalchangesinthenatureoftheshow,suchascolor,status,odor,meltingpoint,boilingpoint,hardness,density,etc・，arecalledphysicalproperties・5.Stan
3、dardconditions:referstothetemperatureof0°Candthepressureof101.325kPa・:6.Catalystinthechemicalreactioncanchangeothermaterialchemicalreactionrate,andthequalityandchemicalpropertiesoftheitselfnochangebeforeandafterchemicalreactionsubstancecalledacatalyst(orcalledcatalyst)・Catal
4、ysis:theroleofcatalystinchemicalreactioniscalledcatalysis・Basicresponsetypes:Areactionoftwoormoresubstancestoproduceanothersubstancecalledachemicalreaction.Dissociation:thereactionoftwoormoreothersubstances,calleddecomposition,byasubstance・Displacementreaction:thereactionofa
5、singlesubstancetoonecompound,thereactionofanothertypeofsubstanceandanotheriscalleddisplacementreaction.Complexreaction:thereactionoftwocompoundstoproducetheothertwocompounds,calledthecomplexdecompositionreaction.REDOXreaction,oxidizer,reductantOxidation:thechemicalreactionof
6、matterandoxygeniscalledoxidationreaction.Reductionreaction:thereactionofoxygenintheoxygen-containingcompound,calledreduction.REDOXreaction:oneisoxidized,whileanotheriscalledREDOX・Combustion,spontaneouscombustionInordertoburnthecombustible,youneedtomeettwoconditionsatthesamet
7、ime:oneisthatthefuelisincontactwiththeoxygen;Thesecondistheminimumtemperaturerequiredtomakethefuelburn.Theminimumtemperaturerequiredtoburnthefueliscalledthefirepointofthesubstance・Spontaneouscombustioncausedbys1owoxidationiscalledspontaneouscombustion・Molecules,atoms,radical
8、s,ionsMolecule:themoleculeisthesmallestparticlethatkeepsthechemicalproperti
