公共管理导论重点梳理

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1、一、传统公共行政的基本原理1)Thefirstofthesewasthatofbureaucracy,thatgovernmentshouldorganizethemselvesaccordingtothehierarchical.2)Secondly,therewasone・best-wayofworkingandproceduresweresetoutincomprehensivemanualsforadministratorstofollow・3)Thethirdprinciplewasbureaucraticdelivery.4)Fourth

2、ly,therewasgeneralbeliefamongadministratorsinthepolitics/administrationdichotomv・5)Fifthly,themotivationoftheindividualpublicservantwasassumedtobethatofthepublicinterestinthatservicetothepublicwasprovidedselflessly.6)Sixthly,requireaprofessionalbureaucracy,neutral,anonymous,emp

3、loyedforlife,withtheabilitytoserveanypoliticalmasterequally.7)Seventhly,thetasksinvolvedinpublicservicewereindeedadministrative.(二、行政与管理的区别行政从木质上是指执行指令和服务；而管理则指：(1)实现结果；(2)管理者实现结果的个人责任。Administrationessentiallyinvolvesfollowinginstructionsandservice,whilemanagementinvolves:firs

4、t,theachievementofresults,andsecondly,personalresponsibilitybythemanagerforresultsbeingachieved・三、变革的紧迫问题①对公共部门的抨击(表现在规模、范围和方法三个方面)Theattackonthepublicsector.②经济理论的变革：公共选择理论；委托一代理理论；交易成木理论Changesineconomictheory.['prinspI]③私营部门的变革Theimpactofchangesintheprivatesector.④技术变革Change

5、sintechnology・第二章传统的公共行政模式2.在1883年，通过了《文官法》(《彭徳尔顿法》)，该法成立了一个由两党成员组成的文官委员会，其内容主要包括四点：>Theholdingofcompetitiveexaminationsforallapplicantstotheclassifiedservice•>Themakingofappointmentstotheclassifiedservicefromthosegradedhighestintheexaminations.>Theinterpositionofaneffectivepro

6、bationaryperiodbeforeabsoluteappointment・>TheapportionmentofappointmentsatWashingtonaccordingtothepopulationoftheseveralstatesandothermajorareas.3.威尔逊提出的观点认为，政治官员应当负责制定政策，行政部门则应负责执行政策。Wilsonputforththeviewthatpoliticiansshouldberesponsibleformakingpolicy,whiletheadministrationw

7、ouldberesponsibilityforcarryingitout.5.泰勒与管理Scientificmanagementinvolved>Time-anchmotionstudiestodecideastandardforworking>Awage-incentivesystemthatwasamod讦icationofthepieceworkmethodalreadyinexistenee>Andchangingthefunctionalorganization.第三章新公共管理Publicmanagement一、一般管理的职能Functi

8、onsofgeneralmanagementSTRATEGY1)Establish!ngobjectives