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ID:42726691
大小:41.00 KB
页数:10页
时间:2019-09-21
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1、外文文献:ArrangementsystemUniversityteachersarrangementsystemisacombinationofproblems,whichconsistofschedulingasetofcourseswithinagivennumberofroomsandtimeperiods.Solvingarealworldtimetablingproblemmanuallyoftenrequiresasignificantamountoftime,sometimesseveraldaysorevenweeks.Therefore,alotofresearchh
2、asbeeninvestedinordertoprovideautomatedsupportforhumantimetablers.ContributionscomefromthefieldsofoperationsresearchandartificialIntelligence.Thispaperreferstotermsandmethodsfromconstraintsatisfaction.Themethodspresentedweredevelopedusingconstraintlogicprogramming.Constraintlogicprogrammingcombin
3、esthedeclarativityoflogicprogrammingwiththeefficiencyofmethodsfromoperationsresearchandartificialintelligence.Ithasrecentlybecomeapromisingapproachforsolvingtimetablingproblems.Applyingclassicalmethodsfromconstraintsatisfactionrequirestomodeltheproblemasaconstraintsatisfactionproblem,asetofvariab
4、les,eachassociatedwithadomainofvaluesitcantakeon,andasetofconstraintsamongthevariables.Constraintsarerelationsthatspecifythespaceofsolutionsbyforbiddingcombinationsofvalues.Methodsincludesearch,heuristics,andconstraintpropagation.Typically,systematicsearchassignsvaluestovariablessequentiallyfollo
5、wingsomesearchorder.Iftheprocedurefailstoextendapartialsolution,decisionsareundoneandalternativesexplored.Systematicsearchoftenreliesonheuristics,whichdefinetheorderinwhichvariablesandvaluesarechosen.Constraintpropagationiscomplementary;itsimplifiesaproblembyidentifyingvaluesthatcannotparticipate
6、inasolution.Thiswaythesearchspacegetsprunedandsearchbecomeseasier.Inpractice,mostconstraint-basedtimetablingsystemseitherdonotsupportsoftconstraintsoruseabranchandboundsearchinsteadofchronologicalbacktracking.Branchandboundstartsoutfromasolutionandrequiresthenextsolutiontobebetter.Qualityismeasur
7、edbyasuitablecostfunctionthatdependsonthesetofviolatedsoftconstraints.Withthisapproach,however,softconstraintsplaynoroleinselectingvariablesandvalues.Aftercollectingwishesofteacherandinformationonthenewcourses,afirstpr
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