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1、高考专题辅导专题检测卷(二十八)任务型阅读(建议用时:30分钟)1Insecret,wealltalktoourselves—aninnermonologue(自言自语)thatmightseemratherpointless.Asthatstudyandothersgoontoshow,theactofgivingourselvesmentalmessagescanhelpuslearnandperformatourbest.Researchershaveidentifiedthemosteffectiveformsofself-talksothatthenexttimey
2、outalktoyourself,youknowexactlywhatyoushouldsay.Self-talkisn’tjustmotivationalmessagelike“Youcandoit!”or“Almostthere,”althoughthisinternal(内心的)cheeringsectioncangiveusconfidence.Areviewofmorethantwodozenstudies,publishedlastyearinthejournalPerspectivesonPsychologicalScience,foundthatthere’s
3、anotherkindofmentalmessagethatisevenmoreuseful,called“instructionalself-talk”.Thisisthekindofcommentweengageinwhenwe’recarryingoutadifficulttask,especiallyonethat’sunfamiliartous.Thinkaboutwhenyouwerefirstlearningtodrive.Yourself-talkmighthavegonesomethinglikethis:“Footonthegaspedal,handson
4、thewheel,slowdownforthecurvehere,nowputyourblinkeron...”Overtime,ofcourse,givingyourselfinstructionsbecomesunnecessary—butwhileyou’relearning,itdoesthreeimportantthings.First,itimprovesourattention,focusingusontheimportantelementsofthetaskandscreeningoutdistractions.Second,ithelpsusadjustou
5、reffortandmakedecisionsaboutwhattodo,howtodoit,andwhen.Andthird,self-talkallowsustocontrolouremotions,steadyingusso-12-westayontask.Inarecentstudyofstudentslearningtothrowdarts(飞镖)inagymclass,AthansiosKoloverlonisandhiscolleaguesfoundthatself-talkismosteffectivewhenincludedintoacycleofthoug
6、htandaction.Firstcomesforethought(筹划),whenyousetagoalforyourselfandmakeaplanforhowtogetthere.That’sfollowedbyperformance,whenyouworkouttheplantothebestofyourability.Lastcomesself-reflection,whenyoucarefullyevaluatewhatyou’vedoneandadjustyourplanforthenexttime.Self-talkcanplayakeypartinthisc
7、ycle.Duringtheforethoughtperiod,considercarefullywhatyou’llsaytoyourself.Youcanevenwriteoutascript.Repeattheseself-instructionsduringtheperformanceperiod.Withpractice,youmayfindthatyourself-instructionsbecomeshorter;researchhasfoundthattheseso-called“cue
