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1、第三单元词汇翻译第一节选词用字一、判断词义1.借助字典例:memory1.“Ihaveashortmemory,”shesays.2.Hisfaceisengravedonmymemory.3.Iamhauntedwithsadmemories.4.Hismotherdiedwhenhewassmall.Sheisonlyamemorytohimnow.5.Withushismemoryremainsanationalproperty.6.Tothememoryofourcomrades-in-armswhodiedinthebattle.2.分析上下文例:appearance1.Hisa
2、ppearanceonthestagewasapplaudedbytheaudience.2.Particularattentionshouldbepaidtoyourpersonalappearance.3.Ihadtoworkmypoliticalappearancesintoatightschedule.二、选择词语1.语法意义例:Thejewelswereworthasmallfortune.例:1.Hewaspuzzled.2.Thatmanpuzzledme.3.Helookedlikeapuzzledfish.2.语境意义例1.Areyouinthebook?2.Howman
3、ynamesarethereonyourbooks?3.Heclaimstohavebeengraduatedfromthiscollege,buthisnameisnotonthebooks.4.Themusicwasfinebutthebookwasverypoor.5.Milton’sParadiseLostconsistsoftwelvebooks.6.That’sallIremember,sir,ontheBook.3.搭配意义例:buildahousebuildabridgebuildadambuildashipbuildafirebuildacarbuildone’sconf
4、idence译:盖、架、筑、造、生、制造、树立、……4.情感意义褒义词贬义词中性词例1.Hewasamanofintegrity,butunfortunately,hehadacertainreputation.Ibelievethereputationwasnotdeserved.3例2.Aggressivenationsthreatenworldpeace.例3.Asalesmanmustbeaggressiveifhewantstosucceed.5.文体意义书面语:母亲、诞辰、散步、恐吓口语词:妈妈、生日、溜达、吓唬古语/旧词:殆、致、/厨子、木匠现代/新词:危险、给、/厨师、木工
5、普通用语:给、现在、办法、私下公文用语:给予、兹、措施、擅自普通用语:飞、心、光亮、半夜文学用语:飞翔、心灵、晶莹、子夜6.引申意义例1.Thereisamixtureofthetigerandtheapeinthecharacteroftheimperialists.2.Nowadaysastudentheadingforcollegemaypackafryingpanalongwithhisbooks.3.Themetalisthencastintotheresultinghollowmould.4.Internalcombustionenginesburnfuelinside,rat
6、herthanoutsidetheengine.三、变换用词l汉语同英语一样,存在大量的同义词或近义词,它们在意义上相近或相似,但是在具体应用中却有一定程度的差异。从译者应在词义、音韵、色彩等方面选择最恰当贴切的词语。英语:look,see,watch,eye,view,observe,witness,glance,gaze,peep,stare,glare…汉语:看,看见,看到,观,瞧,见,瞟,瞥,溜,窥,瞅,瞪,注视,……例1.sternreality严酷的/严峻的现实2.smoothrunway平整的/平坦的/平滑的跑道3.dulleyes呆板的/呆滞的眼睛4.stupidrebuf
7、f愚笨的/笨拙的回绝5.harmoniousrelation协和的/和谐的关系四、切不可望文生义l初学翻译,错误往往出在自以为不会出错的地方。l望文生义,想当然,不仅是造成错误的原因,久而久之,还会养成极坏的习惯。l翻译不能不借助字典,可有不能不离开字典,更不能认为英汉词典中每个词条下列举的所谓汉语等值词在任何情况下都适用。l词不离句,句不离文;为了确解,必须句中求词,文中求句。不做具体分析,翻译是难望准确的。(翁显良)