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1、英美文学I.本期讲过的所有名家名作II．名词术语:Ode——inancientliterature,isanelaboratelyricalpoemcomposedforachorustochantandtodanceto;inmodernuse,itisarhymedlyricexpressingnoblefeelings,oftenaddressedtoapersonorcelebratinganevent.Alliteration——Itisaformofinitialrhyme,orheadrhyme.I
2、tistherepetitionofthesamesoundorsoundsatthebeginningoftwoormorewordsthatarenexttoorclosetoeachother.e.g.Hecameonundertheclouds,clearlysawatlastRage-inflamed,wreckage-bent,berippedopenKenning——afigurativelanguageinordertoaddbeautytoordinaryobjects.Itisametapho
3、rusuallycomposedoftwowords,whichbecomestheformulaforaspecialobject.e.g.Helmetbearer——warriorSwanroad——theseaTheworldcandle——thesunRepetition&Variatione.g.Grendel/Thespoiler/warlikecreature/thefoe/horriblemonsterAhostofyoungsoldiers/acompanyofKinsmen/awholewar
4、rior-bandCaesura——everylineconsistsoftwoclearlyseparatedhalflinesbetweenwhichisapause,calledcaesura.e.g.Grendelstalking;God’sbrandwasonhim.thegold-hallofmen,themead-drinkingplacenailedwithgoldplates.ThatwasnotthefirstvisitBallad——isaformofverse,oftenanarrativ
5、esettomusic.BalladswereparticularlycharacteristicofthepopularpoetryandsongoftheBritishIslesfromthelatermedievalperioduntilthe19thcenturyandusedextensivelyacrossEuropeandlatertheAmericas,AustraliaandNorthAfrica.Manyballadswerewrittenandsoldassinglesheetbroadsi
6、des.Theformwasoftenusedbypoetsandcomposersfromthe18thcenturyonwardstoproducelyricalballads.Inthelater19thcenturyittookonthemeaningofaslowformofpopularlovesongandthetermisnowoftenusedassynonymouswithanylovesong,particularlythepoporrockpowerballad.Epic——isaleng
7、thynarrativepoem,ordinarilyconcerningaserioussubjectcontainingdetailsofheroicdeedsandeventssignificanttoacultureornation.Thefirstepicsareknownasprimary,ororiginal,epics.OnesuchepicistheOldEnglishstoryBeowulf.EpicsthatattempttoimitatetheselikeMilton’sParadiseL
8、ostareknownasliterary,orsecondary,epics.ØThesixmaincharacteristics:1.Theheroisoutstanding.Hemightbeimportant,andhistoricallyorlegendarilysignificant.2.Thesettingislarge.Itcoversmanynation
