研究储罐事故外文翻译

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1、AstudyofstoragetankaccidentsJamesI.Changa,Cheng-ChungLinb【Abstract】Thispaperreviews242accidentsofstoragetanksthatoccurredinindustrialfacilitiesoverlast40years.FishboneDiagramisappliedtoanalyzethecausesthatleadtoaccidents.Correctiveactionsarealsoprovidedtohelpoperatingengineershandlingsimila

2、rsituationsinthefuture.Theresultsshowthat74%ofaccidentsoccurredinpetroleumrefineries,oilterminalsorstorage.Fireandexplosionaccountfor85%oftheaccidents.Therewere80accidents(33%)causedbylightningand72(30%)causedbyhumanerrorsincludingpooroperationsandmaintenance.Othercauseswereequipmentfailure

3、,sabotage,crackandrupture,leakandlinerupture,staticelectricity,openflamesetc.Mostofthoseaccidentswouldhavebeenavoidedifgoodengineeringhavebeenpracticed.Keywords:FishboneDiagram;Accidentstatistics,fireandexplosion1.IntroductionStoragetanksinrefineriesandchemicalplantscontainlargevolumesof

4、flammableandhazardouschemicals.Asmallaccidentmayleadtomillion-dollarpropertylossandafewdaysofproductioninterruption.Alargeaccidentresultsinlawsuits,stockdevaluation,orcompanybank-ruptcy.Inlast50years,tradeorganizationsandengineeringsocietiessuchasAmericanpetroleuminstitute(API),Americaninst

5、ituteofchemicalengineers(AIChE),Americansocietyofmechanicalengineers(ASME),andnationalfireprotectionassociation(NFPA)havepublishedstrictengineeringguidelinesandstandardsfortheconstruction,materialselection,designandsafemanagementofstoragetanksandtheiraccessories(AIChE,1988;1993;API,1988;199

6、0;ASME,2004;NFPA,1992;UL,1986;1987).Mostcompaniesfollowthosestandardsandguidelinesinthedesign,constructionandoperation,buttankaccidentsstilloccur.Learningfromthepasthistoryisdefinitelyimportantforthefuturesafeoperationofstoragetanks.Thepurposeofthispaperistocategorizethecausesthatleadto242

7、tankaccidentsoccurredinlast40years.Thefishbonediagram(Thecauseandeffectdiagram)inventedbyDrKaoruIshikawa(IshikawaandLu,1985)isusedtosummarizetheeffectsandthecausesthatcreateorcontributetothoseeffects.Wehopethatthisworkwillbebeneficialtotankoperatorsanden