资源描述：
《The Important Concepts》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、Chapter2TheImportantConceptsTheuniversallyacceptedtheoryofchemistryasasynthesisofthe19thcen-turynotionsofchemicalaffinity,molecularstructureandthermodynamics,withthetheoriesofphysics,whichdevelopedintheearly20thcentury,hasgainedalmostuniversalacceptanceasaclosedsetofconceptsunderth
2、eheadingofPhysicalChemistry.Formorethanfiftyyearstextbooksonthesubjecthavebeenrevisedandreorganizedwiththeadditionofpreciouslylittlenewmaterial.Today,thesetreatisesarestandardizedovertheworldandtranslatedintoallrelevantlanguages,emulatingthestandardmodelsofparticlephysicsandcosmol
3、ogy.Theseminaltheoriesarerespectedasreceivedwisdom,allflawshavebeenrationalizedandtheonlyremainingchallengeistodressuptheoldmaterialwithelectronicwizardry,asiftheoreticalinnovationceasedtooperatein1950.Ifindeed,thereisnothingneworcontroversialintheoreticalchemistry,witheverythings
4、ecurelylockedupincomputersoftwareatdifferentlevelsoftheory,theexcitementisgoneanddissidentviewsaretaboo.However,thenatureofknowledgeandofscienceisdifferent.Therearenoclosedbooks,notevenonEuclideangeometry,andcertainlynotonchemistry.Thestandardmodelsneglecttotellushowmatteroriginate
5、s,whatlimitsthevarietyofatomicmatter,whatisachemicalbond,andwhyisitnecessarytoassumethemostfundamentalconceptthatdictatesthestabilityofmatter–theexclusionprinciple–onfaith?Evenifthesequestionscannotbeanswered,theyshouldbeaskedcontinually,maybefromapointofviewoverlookedbythefoundi
6、ngtheorists.Itisinthisspiritthattheimportantconcepts,fundamentaltochemistry,willbere-examinedinPartIofthiswork.910CHAPTER2.THEIMPORTANTCONCEPTS2.1ThePrincipleofRelativityTheprincipleofrelativity,evenmoresothanquantumtheory,hasacquiredanauraofalmostmythicalinscrutability.Thevolume
7、ofpopularlitera-turethatrefutestheconclusionsofthetheoryprobablyoutweighsthepub-lishedeffortstoelucidatetheprinciple.Studentsofchemistry,quiteunder-standably,areprobablyreadingtheselineswithtrepidation,debatingtheprospectsofcontinuingwiththiseffortifitrequiresthemtoattempttheimposs
8、ible.Onewayaroundthedilemmawouldbetoskip
