资源描述：
《马斯洛需求层次理论在社会工作中的应用(英文版) Maslow》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、IsMaslow’shierarchyofneedstheoryapplicableintoday’ssocialwork?Andwhy?Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsisamotivationaltheoryinpsychologythatarguesthatwhilepeopleaimtomeetbasicneeds,theyseektomeetsuccessivelyhigherneedsintheformofahierarchy.Itisoftenportrayedintheshapeof
2、apyramid.Thelowestlevelsofthepyramidaremadeupofthemostbasicneeds,whilethemorecomplexneedsarelocatedatthetopofthepyramid.Maslow'stheorysuggeststhattheneedforself-actualization,thatis,theneedthathumanbeingshavetorealizetheirfullpotential,canonlybefulfilledonceot
3、herneedshavebeenmet.Self-actualizationdescribesaninborntendencyforhumanbeingstogrowandtomaximizeinnatetalentsandpotentialities.AccordingtoMaslow,thefirstlevelincludesbasicphysiologicalneedsforfood,shelter,clothing,andsoon.Oncetheseneedshavebeenmet,theactualiza
4、tionprocesscreatesamomentumforthenextlevelofneedstoberealized,namely,forsecurityandsafetyandtofeelfreefromdanger.Again,oncethesehavebeenmet,thereisaninnatemotivationtomoveontothenextstage,andsoforth.AlthoughMaslow’sconceptismeaningfultooursocialwork,therearest
5、illsomecriticisms.Somehavenotedvaguenessinwhatisa“deficiency”;whatisadeficiencyforoneisnotnecessarilyadeficiencyforanother.Secondly,thereseemtobevariousexceptionsthatfrequentlyoccur.Forexample,somepeopleoftenrisktheirownsafetytorescueothersfromdanger.Intheirex
6、tensivereviewofresearchbasedonMaslow'stheory,WahbaandBrudwellfoundlittleevidencefortherankingofneedsMaslowdescribedorevenfortheexistenceofadefinitehierarchyatall.ChileaneconomistandphilosopherManfredMax-Neefhasalsoarguedfundamentalhumanneedsarenon-hierarchical
7、andinvariantinnature—partoftheconditionofbeinghuman;poverty,heargues,mayresultfromanyoneoftheseneedsbeingfrustrated,deniedorunfulfilledTheorderinwhichthehierarchyisarrangedhasbeencriticizedasbeingethnocentricbyGeertHofstede.Hofstede'scriticismofMaslow'spyramid
8、asethnocentricmaystemfromthefactthatMaslow’shierarchyofneedsneglectstoillustrateandexpanduponthedifferencebetweenthesocialandintellectualneedsofthoseraisedinindividualisticsocietie
