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1、一.定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。TheboywhoisreadingisTom.Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.二.关系词的分类1、关系代词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose2.关系副词关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who
2、人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语①who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.③which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisre
3、corder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.④that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth..2、关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和which都可以指
4、物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfortheseda
5、ys.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：4ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesigny
6、ournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点①whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。②whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：Thebossinwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。③whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。④whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwh
7、ich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovelwhosetitle(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboywhosemother(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)isadoctorismyfriend.(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必
8、须与先行词保持一致。如：Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourh
