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1、定语从句学习主编人:张照红审议人:魏茂香关新玲钟素坤领导签字:2010.11.9一.定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面,引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。二、定语从句的关系词v引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词(在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语)和关系副词(在定语从句中作状语),常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why,how等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语
2、从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 词形先行词在句中作用关系代词that指人或物主,宾语which指物主,宾语who指人主,宾语whom指人宾语Whose(=ofwhom/ofwhich)指人或物定语关系副词When(=介词+which)指时间状语Where(介词+which)指地点状语how指方式状语Why(=forwhich)指原因状语三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性
3、定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。例如1.Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.2.Mysister,whoistwenty,worksinabank.四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue
4、.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)that指人/物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)eg: 1.Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.→Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.→Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermar
5、ket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)which指物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)4Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder(which)heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibra
6、ryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?连接句子1.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat(山羊).Thegoatiseatingherflowers.2.Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.★注意:介词提前时只能用which而不能用that。例如:Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooksthat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。(1)先行词
7、为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesa
8、me,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)主句以Therebe引导时Thereare200peoplethatdidn