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1、英语高考复习---定语从句讲解及练习解析第一部分:基础知识(一).定语从句概述定语可以由形容词,代词,数词,名词,不定式,介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定语,那么这个句子就叫做定语从句,又可称为形容词性从句。定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词,它位于定语从句之前,定语从句在先行词后面,应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。(二).定语从句的引导词。定语从句的引导词分为两类,关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)和关系副词(when,wh
2、ere,why),引导词在先行词和定语从句之间,既起连接作用,即连接先行词和定语从句,更重要的是,它又在定语从句中作一个成分。(三).关系代词1.that指人,物,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语。ThisisthephotothatItookinthecountry.HeisthesingerthatImetyesterday.2.which指物,在从句中作主语,宾语,在非限定定语从句中充当定语,或者代替前句Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasmoving.3.who指人,在从句中作主语,宾语。Theperson
3、whovisitedourclassroomyesterdaywasournewheadmaster.ThemanwhoyoujusttalkedtoisTom.4.whom指人,在从句中作宾语。20Thatistheprofessorwhomyouwanttoknow.5.whose指人,物,在从句中作定语,相当于先行词+’s,后接一名词。Iknowtheboywhoseparentsaredead.Idon’tlikethosecitieswhoseroadsaredirty.【注】:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。(四).
4、关系副词关系副词在从句中作状语,有时相当于介词+which,其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。1,when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,相当于at/on/in/duringwhich.I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IreachedthetopoftheHuangshanMountain.2,where指地点,在从句中作地点状语,相当于at/in/to/which.Thisistheschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudied.3,why指原因,在从句中作原因状语,相当于fo
5、rwhich.That’stherealreasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.第二部分:关系代词的特殊用法(一)关系代词指物时,用that而不用which的情况:1,先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,none,few等不定代词时。MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdid2,先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly以及all,much,few,no,any,little等修饰时。Thi
6、sistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.203,先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI’veeverseen.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestotheirmindistheWestLake.4,thesame修饰先行词时,定语从句要用that或as引导,但意义不同。ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.(表示相同但并非同一)Thisisthesame
7、knifethatIusedyesterday.(表示就是那个)5,先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlastSunday6,Therebe后面的定语从句多用that引导,不用which。There’saseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.7,句子前面出现了who,which时,后面的定语从句用that引导。Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadne
8、verbeenseenbefore.Whoisthemanthatyouweretalkingaboutjustnow?8,关系代词在定语从句作表语时,常用that,而不用which、who。Myhometownisnotthesmallvilla