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1、BeingandNothingnessFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia (Redirectedfrom Beingforitself)BeingandNothingnessCoverofthefirsteditionAuthorJean-PaulSartreOriginal titleL'ÊtreetlenéantTranslatorHazelBarnesCountryFranceLanguageFrenchSubjectOntologyPublished·1943(Gallimard,inFrench)·1956(Phi
2、losophicalLibrary,inEnglish)Pages638(Routledgeedition)ISBN0-415-04029-9 (Routledgeedition)BeingandNothingness:AnEssayonPhenomenologicalOntology (French: L'Êtreetlenéant :Essaid'ontologiephénoménologique),sometimessubtitled APhenomenologicalEssayonOntology,isa1943bookbyphilosopher J
3、ean-PaulSartre.[1] Sartre'smainpurposeistoasserttheindividual'sexistenceaspriortotheindividual'sessence("existenceprecedesessence").Hisoverridingconcerninwritingthebookwastodemonstratethat freewill exists.[2]Whileaprisonerofwarin1940and1941,Sartreread MartinHeidegger's BeingandTime
4、,an ontological investigationthroughthelensandmethodof Husserlian phenomenology (EdmundHusserl wasHeidegger'steacher).Reading BeingandTimeinitiatedSartre'sownphilosophicalenquiry.ThoughinfluencedbyHeidegger,Sartrewasprofoundlyscepticalofanymeasurebywhichhumanitycouldachieveakindofp
5、ersonalstateoffulfilmentcomparabletothehypotheticalHeideggerianre-encounterwithBeing.InSartre'saccount,manisacreaturehauntedbyavisionof"completion",whatSartrecallsthe enscausasui,literally"abeingthatcausesitself",whichmanyreligionsandphilosophersidentifyasGod.Bornintothematerialrea
6、lityofone'sbody,inamaterialuniverse,onefindsoneselfinsertedintobeing.Consciousnesshastheabilitytoconceptualizepossibilities,andtomakethemappear,ortoannihilatethem.Contents [hide] ·1Summaryo1.1Part1,Chapter1:Theoriginofnegationo1.2Part1,Chapter2:Badfaitho1.3Part3,Chapter1:Thelook§1
7、.3.1BeingforOthers§1.3.2Sex§1.3.3Nothingness§1.3.4Phenomenologicalontologyo1.4CritiqueofFreud·2Influenceandreception·3SpecialterminologyusedbySartre·4Seealso·5References·6ExternallinksSummary[edit]Intheintroduction,Sartresketcheshisowntheoryofconsciousness,being,andphenomenathrough
8、criticismofbothearlier phe
