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1、定语从句讲解以及练习（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,ｗｈｅｒｅ,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中，
2、whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.注意：关系代词w
3、hom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3．Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichisｌｉｋｅdbymostboys.Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.4．That指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawth
4、ismorning?Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.5．Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Doyouｌｉｋｅthebookwhosecoverisyellow?（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/th
5、at)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(whi
6、ch/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误）２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyo
7、utalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误)３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：Heloveshispar
8、entsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhi
