定语从句讲解及其练习

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1、第一讲1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语一：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词二：关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。先行词是物：whichthat先行词是人：whowhomthat在从句中充当的成分：主语、宾语注意点：1.)定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：e.g.4.Themanwholivesnextdoorsellsvegetables・Themansellsvegetableswholivesnextdoor.(x)5.Thecarwhichmyunclejustboughtwasdestr

2、oyedintheearthquake・Thecarwasdestroyedintheearthquakewhichmyunclejustbought.(x)2.)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g.6.Theyoungman(whom)yousawwasourmanager.7.Thereissomething(that)wemustkeepinmind.第二讲whose的用法：关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的'咐，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。e.g.1.Thegirlismydaughter.H

3、erworkgotthefirstprize.Thegirlwhoseworkgotthefirstprizeismydaughter.2.Thebookisnotmine.Thecoverofitisred.Thebookwhosecoverisredisnotmine(Thebookthecoverofwhichisredisnotmine)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。c.g・Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasi

4、nvited.(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。e.g.Tom'sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）that与which的区另U1）用that而不用which的情况①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,little,few,muchsomethingsomeone②先行词有最咼级修饰，有序数

5、词修饰；③先行词有theonly,thevery,any,thesame,thelast等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。2）用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性立语从句；②指代前面整个主句的意思；③介词+关系代词。e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.第三讲关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which或whome.g.1

6、.Themanisafamousrunner.Youtalkedtohimjustnow.Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.2.Thechairismadeofwood.Heissittingonitnow・Thechaironwhichheissittingnowismadeofwood.介词的■确定应裱据定语从奇中短语的习惯性搭配，Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?（shakehandswith..•是习惯性搭配）介词常受先行词的制约（即

7、介词和先行词的搭配），Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.（throughwhich即throughthetelescope）有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，（lookaftertakecareoflookfor）e.g.2.Heisthestudent./Theteachersarelookingforhim.Heisthestudentwhotheteachersarelookingfor.3.Thenumberofthechildrenis30./S

8、hetakescareofthechildren.Thenumberofthechildrenwhoshetakescareofis30.第四讲关系畐9词：whenwherewhy当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when,在定语从句中充当