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1、定语从句（1）一、基本概念（一）定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（二）先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who,whom,which,that和whose,另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when,where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据
2、先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。如下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语，宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsarea
3、bouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.that人，物主语，宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语，宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.Thisi
4、sthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略第4页共4页例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）①Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?（作主语）②Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.（作主语）③Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.（作宾语）④Thisisthenewsecretary(who/who
5、m/that)Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.（作宾语）⑤Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.（作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例③④）（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用that。⑴先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如：①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollu
6、tion.②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如：①Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。例如：①Youshouldhandinallt
7、hatyouhave.②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。例如：①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.②Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情况⑴先行词是one,ones,anyone时。例如：①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestot
8、ellthetruth.②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.⑵
