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1、国内外产后出血最新诊治指南解读四川大学华西第二医院刘兴会E-mail:xinghuiliu@163.com海纳百川有容乃大一、产后出血的定义和诊断中国(WHO):胎儿娩出后24小时内阴道出血量≥500ml国外:阴道分娩产后出血:产后24小时出血量≥500ml剖宫产产后出血:出血量≥1000ml中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组.产后出血预防与处理指南(草案).中华妇产科杂志,2009,44:554-557.LeducD,SenikasV,LalondeAB,etal.Activemanagementofthethirdstageoflabour:preventionandtre
2、atmentofpostpartumhemorrhage.JournalofObstetrics&GynaecologyCanada:JOGC2009;31(10):980-93.严重产后出血(severepostpartumhemorrhage,sPPH:将产后出血量≥1000ml难治性产后出血(intractablepostpartumhemorrhage,iPPH):子宫收缩药物、子宫按摩或按压等保守措施无法有效止血,需要外科手术或介入治疗甚至切除子宫的严重产后出血BulikCM,TorgersenL,Reichborn-KjennerudT,GendallK,Von
3、HolleA.Thesurgicalmanagementofintractablepostpartumhemorrhage.ActaObstetriciaEtGynecologicaScandinavica2009;88(4):489-.490.MaassenMS,LambersMDA,TuteinNoltheniusRP,vanderValkPHM,ElgersmaOE.Complicationsandfailureofuterinearteryembolisationforintractablepostpartumhaemorrhage.Bjog-IntJObstetG
4、y2009;116(1):55-61.产后出血(PPH)发生率国内:大多报道PPH<5%,sPPH<1%国外:PPH为5-13%,sPPH为1-2%全国多中心前瞻性研究(华西二院):产后出血:12.3%GungorT,SimsekA,OzdemirAO,etal.Surgicaltreatmentofintractablepostpartumhemorrhageandchangingtrendsinmodernobstetricperspective.ArchGynecolObstet,2009,280(3):351-355.MetinGulmezogluA,Lumbiga
5、nonP,LandoulsiS,etal.Activemanagementofthethirdstageoflabourwithandwithoutcontrolledcordtraction:Arandomised,controlled,non-inferioritytrial.TheLancet2012;379(9827):1721-7.LaasE,BuiC,PopowskiT,MbakuOM,RozenbergP.Trendsintherateofinvasiveproceduresaftertheadditionoftheintrauterinetamponadet
6、esttoaprotocolformanagementofseverepostpartumhemorrhage.AmJObstetGynecol2012;207(4):281e1-7.估计出血量的方法肉眼估计:准吗称重法或容积法监测生命体征、尿量和精神状态休克指数法血红蛋白测定?低估30~50%二、产后出血的原因及预防产后出血的四大原因:宫缩乏力(70%~90%)产道损伤(20%)胎盘因素(10%)凝血功能障碍(1%)AmericanCollegeofObstetriciansandGynecologists.ACOGpracticebulletin:clinicalman
7、agementguidelinesforobstetrician-gynecologistsnumber76,October2006:postpartumhemorrhage.ObstetGynecol,2006,108:1039-1047不要忽略引起产后出血的高危因素产后出血的原因和高危因素产后出血的预防预防性使用缩宫素及时钳夹并剪断脐带有控制地牵拉脐带协助胎盘娩出胎盘娩出后按摩子宫缩宫素(催产素)预防和治疗PPH的一线药物长效缩宫素:剖宫产预防用(加拿大指南)半衰期长、作用时间长、更方便高危患者:如双胎、巨大儿