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1、四篇必背文章ThomasHardy’simpulsesasawriter,allofwhichheindulgedinhisnovels,werenumerousanddivergent,andtheydidnotalwaysworktogetherinharmony.Hardywastosomedegreeinterestedinexploringhischaracters’psychologies,throughimpelledlessbycuriositythanbysympathy.Occasionallyhefeltth
2、eimpulsetocomedy(inallitsdetachedcoldness)aswellastheimpulsetofarce,buthewasmoreofteninclinedtoseetragedyandrecordit.Hewasalsoinclinedtoliteraryrealismintheseveralsensesofthatphrase.Hewantedtodescribeordinaryhumanbeings;hewantedtospeculateontheirdilemmasrationally(and
3、,unfortunately,evenschematically);andhewantedtorecordpreciselythematerialuniverse.Finally,hewantedtobemorethanarealist.Hewantedtotranscendwhatheconsideredtobethebanalityofsolelyrecordingthingsexactlyandtoexpressaswellhisawarenessoftheoccultandthestrange.Inhisnovelsthe
4、sevariousimpulsesweresacrificedtoeachotherinevitablyandoften.Inevitably,becauseHardydidnotcareinthewaythatnovelistssuchasFlaubertorJamescared,andthereforetookpathsofleastresistance.Thus,oneimpulseoftensurrenderedtoafresheroneand,unfortunately,insteadofexactingacomprom
5、ise,simplydisappeared.Adesiretothrowoverrealityalightthatneverwasmightgivewayabruptlytothedesireonthepartofwhatwemightconsideranovelist-scientisttorecordexactlyandconcretelythestructureandtextureofaflower.Inthisinstance,thenewimpulsewasatleastanenergeticone,andthusits
6、indulgencedidnotresultinarelaxedstyle.ButonotheroccasionsHardyabandonedaperilous,risky,andhighlyenergizingimpulseinfavorofwhatwasforhimthefatallyrelaxingimpulsetoclassifyandschematizeabstractly.Whenarelaxingimpulsewasindulged,thestyle—thatsureindexofanauthor’sliterary
7、worth—wascertaintobecomeverbose.Hardy’sweaknessderivedfromhisapparentinabilitytocontrolthecomingsandgoingsofthesedivergentimpulsesandfromhisunwillingnesstocultivateandsustaintheenergeticandriskyones.Hesubmittedtofirstoneandthenanother,andthespiritblewwhereitlisted;hen
8、cetheunevennessofanyoneofhisnovels.Hismostcontrollednovel,UndertheGreenwoodTree,prominentlyexhibitstwodifferentbutreconcilab
