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1、Chapter9BodyTemperature(体温)1.Bodytemperaturemeancoretemperaturebodytemperaturenormalvalues（℃）armpittemperature36.0-37.4(腋温)nonnasalitytemperature36.7-37.7(口腔温)rectumtemperature36.9-37.9(直肠温)Thenormalchangeofthebodytemperature(体温的正常变动)：1).Circadianrhythm(昼夜节律)morningafternoon2).Sexfemalemale3).Age

2、enfantelder4).Muscleactivity5).OtherfactorsEmotionDietEnvironmenttemperature2.Heatbalance(体热平衡)(1)Heatproduction(产热过程)Sourcesofheat①BasalMetabolism(基础代谢)②Muscleactivity(atdiscretion、shivering随意、寒战）③Specialdynamicactionoffoods(食物特殊动力作用)(2)Heatloss(散热过程)Heatlossorgans：skinrespiratorytract(呼吸道)digest

3、ivetract(消化道)urethra(泌尿道)①Lossofheatbyradiationconductionandconvection(辐射、传导和对流散热)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━方式原理影响因素应用━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━辐射热射线肤气温差.有效面积(正变)空调传导直接传递肤物温差.导热度(正变)冰袋降温对流直接传递肤气温差.风速(正变)电扇降温━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━②Lossofheatbyevaporation(蒸发散热)Influencefactors：skintemperature、therateofs

4、weating(正变)、humidity(反变)肤温、汗量(正变)、湿度(反变)Application：lossofheatbyevaporationofsweat(发汗降温)Thetypeoftheevaporation:①Insensibleperspiration(不感蒸发)②Sensibleperspiration(可感蒸发)Sweating(发汗)（气温≥皮肤温度时，蒸发是唯一的散热方式)Skintemperature(皮肤温度)Itliesonbloodflowofskin(取决于皮肤血流量):1.动脉穿透隔热组织在乳头下层形成动脉网2.皮下Cap异常弯曲并进而形成丰富的静脉网

5、3.皮下有大量的A-V吻合支Sweating(发汗)：Centrum(中枢)：CNS(中枢神经系统)（chiefcentrum：hypothalamus下丘脑）Types：thermalsweating；spiritualitysweatingSweatgland:eccrinegland；apocrinegland(小汗腺)(大汗腺)(温热性发汗)(精神性发汗)Characteristicofthesweat(汗液特点)：hypotonic(低渗)hypertonicdehydration(高渗性脱水)（只补水可致低渗性脱水)heavysweat(大汗)Thespeedofsweati

6、nglieson(发汗速度取决于):①Environmenttemperature(正变）②Humidityinfluence(正变）③Windspeed(反变）④Workintensity（正变）3.Thermoregulation(体温调节)(1)Thermoreceptor(温度感受器)①Peripheralthermoreceptor(外周温度感受器)（皮肤、粘膜、内脏)②Centraltemperaturereceptors(中枢温度感受器)：spinalcord、medulla、brainstem、reticulum、hypothalamus（脊髓、延髓、脑干、网状结构、下丘

7、脑）warm-sensitiveneuron(热敏神经元)cold-sensitiveneuron(冷敏神经元)preoptic-anteriorhypothalamusarea,PO／AH(视前区-下丘脑前部)(2)Temperature-regulationCenters（体温调节中枢）Basiccenters(基本中枢):Hypothalamus(下丘脑)(PO／AHisthecenterpartofconform