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1、NorseMythologyByMaJunjieGeographicalLocationFinlandSwedenIcelandNorwayDenmarkHistoryOralPreservation:the1stto2ndcenturyWrittenRecords:NibelungenliedPoeticEdda&ProseEddaSagaStartingLifeMythologyNiflheimGinnungagapMuspelheimInNilfheimthereisaplacecalledHvergel
2、mir,thatallcoldriverscomefromhere,Hvergelmirwastheoriginofallexistenceandtheplacewhereeverylivingwillgoback.Ymir(Theprogenitorofgiants)HisfootbredasonAmanandawomanemergedfromhisarmpitsHesweatedoutSurtrThecowAudhumblalickedonasaltstonethenanentiremanBúriemerg
3、edfromthestoneWithanunknowngiantfemalehefatheredBorr(Bor),BorrmarriedBestla(thegrandchildrenofYmir),fatheredOdin,ViliandVeWhenthewarmairofMuspelheimhitthecoldiceofNiflheim,theFrostGiantsYmirandtheicycowAudhumlawerecreatedTheCreationoftheWorldOdin,ViliandVeki
4、lledYmirDraggedthedeadbodyofYmitowardsthecenterofGinnungagapblood——oceansandwaterflesh——landbones——mountainsteeth——rockshair——grassandtreeseyelashes——Midgardbrain——cloudsskull——skylid——coveredthenewworldThebrothersthrewthesparksfromMuspelheiminsideoftheskull
5、ThesesparksgleamedatnightandwaswhatwecallthestarsFairyhoodWormscrawlingoutoftheremainsbecamefairyhoodDwarves：livedundertherocks,incavesandunderground,expertsincraftsmanshiptheDarkElves：hatedthesun,hideous,turnintostoneswhenexposeinthelighttheLightElves：beaut
6、ifulcreatures,minorgodsofnature,deliveredaninspirationtoartormusicTherefourdwarfswerenamed“North”“West”“South”“East”andwheresendoutineachdirection.TheCreationofhumanbeingTheAshtree——man(Ask)TheElmtree——woman(Embla)OdingavethelogsspiritandlifeVegavethemmoveme
7、nt,mindandintelligenceViligavethemshape,speech,feelingsandthefivesensesTheWordAsgard:HomeoftheGodsAlfheim:HomeoftheLightElves(rightnexttoAsgard)Midgard:HomeoftheHumansJotunheim:HomeoftheGiantsNidavellir:HomeoftheDwarvesSvartalfheim:HomeoftheDarkElvesBifrostY
8、ggdrasilVanaheim:HomeoftheVanir(Nobodyknowswheretheland)CharacteristicValhallaIdun’goldapplesOdinGotterdammerung(thetwilightofthegods)Baldur,thesonofOdin,thegodoflightwaskilledSeverewinterlastfo
