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1、英语基础知识之句子成分词类作用例词1.(n.)名词表示人或事物的名称。/Iboughtabook./Sheisastudent.2.(pron.)代词代替名词、数词等。/Thisismyfriend./Helikesthatbookbecauseitisveryusefultohim.3.(adj.)形容词表示人或事物的特征或性状。/Heissmallbutheisclever./Theredpenisusefulfortheteacher•“Hepaintedthewallwh汁eyesterday.4.(nu
2、m.)数词表示数目或顺序。/TherearetenapplesonthetableandIwilltakethefirstone.5.(v.)动词表示动作或状态。/WeareworkinqhardatEnqlish./Iwanttobecomeanenqineer.6.(adv.)副词表示动作的特征或性状特征。“IlikeEnqlishverymuch.丁Theteachertreatsuskindly./Thetraingoesfast./Heseldomcomestoseeus.7.(prep.)介词表示名词
3、、代词和其他词之间的关系。/HeusuallystayathomeonSundays.8.(conj.)连词连接词与词或句与句的作用。丁HeandIareinthesameclassandwearegoodfriends.丁TwoorthreeofuscandancewellbutIcanft.9.(interj.)感叹词表示强烈的感情丁Oh!Howbeautifulthesceneis!/WhataqoodidealGoodness!10.(art.)冠词用来限制名词的意义“Ihaveopetdog•VThed
4、ogisverylovely./Heisanoldmanbutverystrong.一、主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于o(划出下列句子的主语)1Xucylikeshernewbike.2>Weworkhard.3・Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy>4>Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun>二、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,通常由充当。动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词。(划出下列句子的谓语)1.WeloveCh
5、ina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.系动词有哪些:1)状态系动词,表示主语状态,只有be—词Heisateacher2)持续系动词,表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stayHealwayskeptsilentat
6、meeting.3)表像余动词,表示”看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem,appe眄lookHelookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad<4)感官系动词,主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThisflowersmellsverysweet5)变化系动词,表示主语变成什么样,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHebecamemadafterthat6)终止系动词,表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turnoutTherumorprove
7、dfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.三、宾语宾语:动作行为的对象,说明主语做什么。一般放在或后面.l.WestudyEnglish.2eOurteachersaidthathewouldgothere.3・Heislookingatthedog.△双宾语:指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.四、表语表语:跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.Thetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful・五、定语:
8、用来修饰・(划出下列句子的定语)ThisisaredcanThebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismywife.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li>EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.六、状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或