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1、右屮英错得依一止通——彼劭语态一、语态的足丈及今类英语屮的语态用来表示主语和谓语Z间的主动关系还是被动关系,因此,语态可以进一步分为两大类:主动语态和被动语态,主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的发岀者,即主语和谓语之间是主动的关系;被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,即主语和谓语之间是被动的关系。二、彼锲错态轲使用场合1、不清起或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.2、强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。Thebiggestappleiseatenbyhisbrot
2、her.3、避免更换主语,以求行文流畅。Theprofessorcameinandwewelcomedhimwarmly.三、彼働语态的构就及各种时态形式1、被动语态的构成被动语态是由“助动词be+过去分词(及物动词)”,助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态的不同而变化。在口语化的表达中,也可以用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.2、被动语态的各种时态形式1.基本方法【主动语态变为被动语杰的基本方法】Thebridgewasbuiltbytheworkers.2、双宾语结构
3、变为被动语态Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.—Iwasboughtanewbike.一Anewbikewasboughtforme.Themangivesmealotofusefuladvice.一Iamgivenalotofusefuladvice.一Alotofusefuladviceisgiventome.注:常在间接宾语前用介词to的动词有:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,show,take等;间接宾语前用介词for的动词有:build,buy,cook,cut,make,
4、paint,play,sing等。3、使役动词和感官类动词变为被动语态使役动词make后常接动词原形作宾语补足语,变为被动语态吋,动词原形需要变为动词不定式todo;感官类动词see/hear/watch/notice后接动词原形作宾语补足语,变为被动语态时,动词原形需要变为动词不定式todo;后接现在分词作宾语补足语时,变为被动语态时,仍用现在分词作宾语补足语。Theteachermadehimlistencarefullyinclass.一Hewasmadetolistencarefullyinclass.Weoftenhea
5、rhimplaytheguitar.一Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.Isawtheboyfishingbythetiver.—Theboywasseenfishingbytherive匚Weheardthecouplequarrelingintheroom.Thecouplewereheardquarrelingintheroom.A.空锲形式素示彼动克丈1、“系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,become,prove,turn,stay,re
6、main,get+形容词/名词”构成的系表结构。Thesteelfeelscool.Ithasgonebad.2、一些后接副词well,easily或者置于cant,wonlZ后等动词用来表示主语的属性和特征,这类动词有:read,write,cut,sell,wash,clear,wear,open,cook,lock,dry。Thebooksellswell.Thiscoatdrieseasily.Thedoorwon^topen.3>want,require,need,deserve,worth等后面用动名词的主动形式表示被
7、动含义。Thebikeneedsrepairing.=Thebikeneedstoberepaired.Thebookisworthreading.畠.彼动语态的冷用句夏据说Itissaidthat-•-(Peoplesaythat...)据扌艮导Itisreportedthat-••(Peoplereportthat...)据推测Itissupposedthat?••(Peoplesupposethat…)希望Itishopedthat-••(Peoplehopethat...)众所周知Itiswellknownthat---(
8、Peopleknowthat...)普遍认为Itisgenerallyconsideredthat-••(Peopleconsiderthat...)Itissaidthathehasgoneabroad・=Heissaidtohavegoneab