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1、SeismicDesignofBuildingStructuresChapter1Introduction1.Thetypesandcausesofearthquakes（地震的类型和成因）Man-madeearthquakes,explode,miningoperation,majorprojectconstruction(suchasreservoir)NaturalearthquakesTectonicearthquake,tectonicactivityoflithosphereVolcanicEarthquakes,volcaniceruptions2.Someterminolo
2、giesaboutearthquakes,focus,epicenter,focaldepth,epicenterdistanceandisoseismalline(地震的一些相关术语，如震源，震中，震源深度，震中距，等震线)Focus,centerorhypocenter,ThepointwheretheseismicmotionoriginatesEpifocusorepicenter,TheprojectionofthefocusontothesurfaceoftheearthFocaldepth,ThedepthofhypocenterbelowtheepicenterEpicen
3、terdistance,ThedistancefromtheepicentertothepointoftheobservedgroundmotionIsoseismalline一次地震中，在受影响的区域内，烈度相同的区域的外包线3.Theclassificationofseismicwaves.(地震波的类型)BodywavesincludePrimaryWave(Pwave)andSecondaryWave(Swave)SurfacewavesincludeRayleighwave(Rwave)andLovewave（Lovewave）4.Theessentialfactorsofgro
4、undmotion.（地震动的三要素）Magnitude/amplitude（幅值）Frequency/spectrum（频率）Duration（持时）5.Theconceptofearthquakemagnitudeandintensityandthedifferencebetweenthem.(震级与烈度的概念以及它们之间的区别)TheearthquakemagnitudemeanstheenergyreleasedinanearthquakeEarthquakeintensityisanindicationoftheseverityofgroundshakingataspecific
5、sitewhichisbasedontheobservedefectsofanearthquakeandaqualitativeassessmentofthedamagethatcausedThereisonlyonemagnitudeforanearthquake,butmaybemanyintensitiesfordifferentlocations.Becauseintensityscalesaresubjectiveanddependuponsocialandconstructionconditionsofacountry,theyneedrevisionfromtimetotim
6、e.Regionaleffectsmustbeaccountedfor.6.Three-levelseismicfortificationobjectivesandTwo-phaseseismicdesignmethod.(三水准抗震设防与两阶段设计)Thefirstlevel:Nodamageunderminorearthquake(小震不坏)TheSecondlevel:Repairabledamageundermoderateearthquake(中震可修)Thethirdlevel:Nocollapseunderlargeearthquake(大震不倒)Phase1:Bytheel
7、asticanalysis,thecarryingcapacityofthestructureischeckedunderthefundamentalcombinationofeffectsofseismicactionofminorearthquakeandotherloads,andtheelasticseismicdeformationischeckedundertheactionofminorearthquake
