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1、第3次课AdvancedEngineeringMaterials先进工程材料Unit1AdvancedEngineeringMaterials1.TypesofMaterials2.MetalsandMetalAlloys3.CeramicsandGlasses4.Composites5.Polymers1.TypesofMaterialsTypesofMaterials材料的类型Materialsmaybegroupedinseveralways.Scientistsoftenclassifymaterialsbythei
2、rstate:solid,liquid,orgas.Theyalsoseparatethemintoorganic(onceliving)andinorganic(neverliving)materials.材料可以按多种方法分类。科学家常根据状态将材料分为：固体、液体或气体。他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)。Forindustrialpurposes,materialsaredividedintoengineeringmaterialsornonengineeringmaterials.E
3、ngineeringmaterialsarethoseusedinmanufactureandbecomepartsofproducts.就工业效用而言，材料被分为工程材料和非工程材料。那些用于加工制造并成为产品组成部分的就是工程材料。1.TypesofMaterialsNonengineeringmaterialsarethechemicals,fuels,lubricants,andothermaterialsusedinthemanufacturingprocess,whichdonotbecomepartofthep
4、roduct.非工程材料则是化学品、燃料、润滑剂以及其它用于加工制造过程但不成为产品组成部分的材料。Engineeringmaterialsmaybefurthersubdividedinto:①Metal②Ceramics③Composite④Polymers,etc.工程材料还能进一步细分为：①金属材料②陶瓷材料③复合材料④聚合材料，等等。Unit1AdvancedEngineeringMaterials1.TypesofMaterials;2.MetalsandMetalAlloys3.CeramicsandGlass
5、es4.Composites5.Polymers2.MetalsandMetalAlloysMetalsandMetalAlloys金属和金属合金Metalsareelementsthatgenerallyhavegoodelectricalandthermal['θə:məl]conductivity.Manymetalshavehighstrength,highstiffness,andhavegoodductility.金属就是通常具有良好导电性和导热性的元素。许多金属具有高强度、高硬度以及良好的延展性。Somemet
6、als,suchasiron,cobaltandnickel,aremagnetic.Atlowtemperatures,somemetalsandintermetallic[intəmi'tælik]compoundsbecomesuperconductors（超导体）.某些金属能被磁化，例如铁、钴和镍。在极低的温度下，某些金属和金属化合物能转变成超导体。2.MetalsandMetalAlloysWhatisthedifferencebetweenanalloy['ælɒɪ]andapuremetal?Puremetal
7、sareelementswhichcomefromaparticularareaoftheperiodictable.Examplesofpuremetalsincludecopperinelectricalwiresandaluminum[ə'lju:mɪnəm]incookingfoilandbeveragecans(烹饪箔及饮料罐).合金与纯金属的区别是什么？纯金属是在元素周期表中占据特定位置的元素。例如电线中的铜和制造烹饪箔及饮料罐的铝。Alloyscontainmorethanonemetallicelement.
8、Theirpropertiescanbechangedbychangingtheelementspresentinthealloy.Examplesofmetalalloysincludestainlesssteelwhichisanalloyofiron,nickel,andchromi
