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1、第四讲虚拟语气和特殊句式作者：颜晩照一、虚拟语气1.非真实条件虚拟语气表示条件从句假设的动作客观上未发生，只是主观虚拟在这个动作发生的情况下主句动作的反馈。主句从句同时后推一个时态（站在之前的-个时间考虑之后的事情）。（1）对现在的虚拟表示与现在事实相反。从句：过去式（一般过去时）主句:would/could/should/might+动词原形（过去将来时）IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuymyselfacomputer.（2）对过去的虚拟表示与过去事实相反。从句:haddone（过去完成时）主句：would/could/should/might+
2、havedone（过左将来完成时）Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldhaveeasilypassedtheexam.（3）对将來的虚拟表示与将来事实相反。从句：过去式，should+动词原形，wereto+动词原形（一般过去时、过去将來时）主句:would/could/should/might+动词原形（过去将来时）IfIsaw/shouldsee/weretoseehimtomorrow,Iwouldinvitehimhome.Ifitwere/shouldbefinetomorrow,Iwouldgoonatrip.（4）混合虚拟语气从句谓语动
3、词表示的动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，根据各自发生的时间来确定。IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'thavemissedtheconcertlastnight.Ifyouhadtoldmethenewsyesterday,Iwouldn'tbesoworriednow.Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinthefuture.（5）含蓄虚拟语气隐含在某些介词短语（without,butfor）、副词（otherwise）＞连词（or,but,butthat）或上下文中的虚拟语气。Butforyourad
4、vice,Iwouldhavefailed.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thavesucceededanyway.Fmreallybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygowithyou.（6）非真实条件虚拟语气省略if的情况冇should,had,were时HadIworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurlysucceed・Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.Haditnotbeenforyou,Iwouldhavelostmyway.Wereitnotfo
5、ryourhelp,Iwouldneverbeagoodmanager.1.含冇责备及批评语气的虚拟语气should/oughtto/could/might+havedone表示“本该…却没有Youarclateagain.Youcouldhavecomecarlicr.IoughttohavegotabetterpriceforthecarbutPmnotaverygoodbusinessman.It'ssonear.Weneedn'thavetakenataxi.1oughttohavegotahighergradeintheexam・2.其他从句屮的虚拟语气(1
6、)主语从句凡是含有“应该”意思的，用(should+)动词原形。Itisveryimportantthateveryone(should)mastertheskillofcomputer.Itisarulethateveryone(should)obeythelaws.Itisadvisedthatone(should)takeplentyofboiledwater.(2)宾语从句表示不切实际的希望。凡是含有“应该”意思的，用(should+)动词原形。1wishIweretenyearsoldyounger.IwishIcouldflytothemoononeday
7、.Iwishyouhadcometothelecture・Fdratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.I'dratheryouhadn'ttoldmeaboutit.Myfathersuggeststhat1(should)takeenoughsleepbeforethefinalexamination.(3)表语从旬Asif/though引导的表语从句表示与事实相反的情况。凡是含有"应该”意思的，用(should+)动诃原形。Itseemsasthoughitwerespringalready.Itlooksasifsheha
