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1、FROMTHEBRITISHEMPIRETOTHECOMMONWEALTHI.Introduction.GreatBritain，alsoknownasTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthIreland,hadoncebeenthecenterofworldforcenturiesandmadegreatcontributiontohumancivilization.However,inthelate19thcentury,withtheriseofothercountries,Britainbegantofallinthefiercecompet
2、itionamongcapitalistcourttries.Afterwards,sufferinggreatlossinthetwoworldwars,Britainbecamelesspowerfulandthecolonieswonindependenceoneafteranother.TheGreatBritainEmpiregraduallytranstormeditselftoafriendlyandharmoniousCommonwealth.II.Background:TheRiseofTheBritishEmpire・a)IndustrialRevolutionand
3、ExpansionTheBritishIndustrialRevolution,whichtookplacein1700s,resultedingreatdevelopmentoftheBritishsociety.Handproduct!onmethodscouldnoIongermeettheneedofproducts.Thenewly-inventedmachinessimplifiedtheprocessofproductionandgreatlyincreasedtheproductivey.Andthewell-knownsteamengineprovidednewsour
4、ceofpower,thankstowhich,fastdevelopmentalsotookplaceinotherimportantfieldssuchast「ansportation,steelindustryandcoalindustry・Theindustrialrevolutionmarkedthebeginningofanewerainthehistoryofmankind.In1588,theSpanishArmadawasdefeatedbytheGreatBritain,whichmarkedGreatBritain^gainingofseasupremacy,and
5、pavedthewayfortheexpansion.DuringthereignofQueenElizabethI,Britishcitizenswereencouragedtotradeabroad,orevenplunderandcolonizethroughsailing.Weakercountries'doorswerefirstknockedopenwithcommerce,anditwasoftenfollowedbyoccupationandcolonizationbackedwithstrongmilitaryforce.Withadvaneedtechnologyan
6、dbroadmarket,bourgeoisieofBritainstartedtheiraccumulationofcapital,andthecountrystartedtoleadtheworld.a)TheSun-never-setEmpireTheBritishEmpirebecamethe''workshopoftheworld：andLondonbecamethefinancialcenter.Foroveracentury,itwastheprincipalnavalandimperialpower,andalmostunchallengedatseaandinterri
7、tory.Intheearly1900s,itruledapopulationofover500millionandoccupiedmorethanonefifthoftheEarth'stotallandarea.Becauseofitsexpansearoundtheglobe,thesuncouldshineonatleastoneofitsterritoriesatanytime・Peoplecallit“theempire
