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1、初中英语总复习(语法)(一)英语屮共有26个字母,其中元音字母5个,辅音字母21个。书写格式如下:OopQgSs(二)每个字母是一个独立的单词,他们都有自己的发音。含有音标有以下字母/ei/AHJK/i:/BCDEGPTVZleiFLMNSX/ai/IY/ou/0du:/UQW/a:/R以元音音标为首的有AEFHILMNORSX考题:(以下两题均考查字母的发咅)Thereis—“m"inthewordumonkey5AtheB/CanDaIcansee_“iTonthecoverofthebook.AtheB/CanDa二、音标兀音音标:昭i「oijii
2、Miroiii:iiiron[■叮IE口2订『曰口『o和『ulj]『oui]辅音音标:mmco]is:tn球『9皿5『5◎『N]吋^EdsHdrMmHnHoHIHr][W]OIOui]咅标尤如语文里的拼咅,其作用之大不言而喻。三、句子成分句子的成分共有七种:1、主语是一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对彖,常用名词或相当于幺词的词担任,一般放于句首。Thesunisshininginourfaces.IamveryinterestedinEnglish.2、谓语或谓语动词是说明主语的动作或状态的,常用动词担任,放于主语之后。Shecametoschoollate
3、today.TomwaswatchingTVlastnight.3、宾语是表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象,由名词或相当于名词的词担任,放于及物动词或介词之后。WereadEnglisheverymorning・4、补语是用来补充主语或宾语的,一般说明主语或宾语的特征,由名词、副词、形容词、不定式、分词等担任。Ifoundhimafool.Hemademelaugh.Weshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.5、表语位于连系动词Z后。Johnisaboy.Sheseemsveryhappy・6、定语是限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词
4、的,由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。Heisanexcellentboy.Childrenwholivebytheseausuallybegantoswimattheearlyage.7、状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的,由副词或相当于副词的短语或从句担任。修饰动词时,可放于动词之前,也可放于动词之后,修饰形容词或副词时,放于它们之前。Hedidbadlyonexam.Luckily^hewasnotbadlyhurt・Weplayedhappilyinthewinterholiday.U!词类(一)名词1、可数与不可数可数名词不可数名词1•
5、可用a/an,数词修饰,有复数ahook,acake1・不能用a/an,数词修饰,无复数2.口J用some,any,alotof(lotsof)修饰somehooks,anycakesalotofpears2.可用some,any,alotof(lotsof)修饰somefood,anymeatalotofrice3.专门彳修饰可数名词复数的有many,few,afewmanybooks,afeweggs3.专门修饰不可数名词的有much,little,alittlemuchwater,alittlemoney4.可用计量词修饰,用复数abasketofe
6、ggstwoboxesofbooksmanybagsofpears4•可用计量詞修饰acupofteatwoglassesofjuicemanybagsofriceakiloofmeat2.名词变复数成法构方读音例词特殊情况一般在词尾加s清后读清/s/元、浊后读浊/z/1desk-desks/desks/2dog-dogs/dogz/以s,x,z,ch,sh结尾的词读/iz/class-classesbox,dish,church,match,watch以f或fe结尾,一般变为ves读/vz/树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮。架后窜出一只狼,就像强盗逃命亡。
7、leaf,half,oneself,wife,knife,shelf,wolf,thief,liferoofschiefsreefs以辅音+y结尾,改y为i加es读/iz/Party-partiesFactoryfamilyuniversity以0结尾的词有生命的加esPotatoes,tomatoes,heroes无生命的加SZoos,pianos,photos,radios,kilos,bamboos不规则变化只有复数形式Clothes,trousers,glasses,scissors,chopsticks单复相同Sheep,fish,deer,Ch
8、inese,Japanese特殊变化Man-men,tooth-t