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1、高中定语从句专项讲解与练习定语从句专项讲解与练习定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词:关系代词和关系副词。它们起连词作用,本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语,本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。主要有who,whom,that,whose,which,as,when,where,why。PS:what不能引导定语从句.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.关系代词或是关系副词
2、的作用:连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。1、关系代词:(who,whom,whose,that,)指人which,as(指物whichwhoseofwhichthat)2、关系副词:when,where,why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首,主句先行词之后,起着连接先行词和从句的作用,同时在从句中又充当句子成分。关系代词和关系副词的用法:1)当先行词为人时用who作主语,whom作宾语;2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which,可作主语或宾语;3)先行词为人、物时用that,可作主语
3、或宾语;4)whose用作定语,可指人或物;5)关系副词when(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)。一:关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。注意事项:that在从句中作主语或宾语,既可以指人又可以指物;which在从句中作主语或是宾语,只能指物;who,whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语,只
4、能指人;whose为关系代词who的所有格形式,用作名词的限定语,whose引导的定语从句既可以是限制性的,也可以为非限制性的。先行词既可以是人,也可以是无,whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。A.指人时1)who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Ithankthewoman.Thewomanhelpsmealot.Ithankthewomanwho(that)helpsmealot.(主语)ThemanwasJone.Isawhim.
5、Theman(whowhomthat)IsawwasJone.(作宾语)Shewasthewoman.Itoldyouabouther.Shewasthewoman(whowhomthat)Itoldyouabout.(做介词宾语)ShewasthewomanwhomaboutItoldyou.(介词后只能用宾格) B.指物时)which,that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等, Aprosperityappearsinthecountryside.Aprosperityhad
6、neverbeenseenbefore. Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作主语)Whereisthebook(which/that)Iboughtlastweek?(做宾语)C.3)Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同thenofwhich互换)(指人用thenofwhom来替换。),例如:Theyrushedovertohelpt
7、heman.Hiscarhadbrokendown. Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙Theyrushedovertohelpthemanthecarofwhomhadbrokendown.有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与ofwhich结构互换,词序是:“名词+ofw He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename)1、
8、只用who的>①、当先行词是one,ones,anyone或those,these时,关系代词用who。ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Anyonewhogoestherewillbepunished.Thosewhoaregoingt