Applied Statistical Genetics with R-2Elementary Statistical Principles英文学习材料

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1、2ElementaryStatisticalPrinciplesThischapterincludescoverageofseveralstatisticalandepidemiologicalcon-ceptsthatarebroadlyrelevanttothestudyofassociationamongmultiplevariablesandspecicallyimportantintheanalysisofgeneticassociationinpopulation-basedinvestigations.Thechapterisdividedintoth

2、reesections.Section2.1oersageneralbackground,includingthenotationusedthrough-outthistextandsomeelementaryprobabilityconcepts.Thissectionalsoprovidesabasicoverviewofseveralfundamentalepidemiologicalconceptsrelevanttoanypopulation-basedinvestigation,includingconfounding,eectmediation,e

3、ectmodicationandconditionalassociation.Thereaderisre-ferredtoRothmanandGreenland(1998)foracomprehensiveoverviewoftheseandotherepidemiologicalprinciples.SomeoftheseconceptsareverysimilartothegeneticdataconceptsdiscussedinChapter3,thoughtheytendtohavedierentnomenclature.Alloftheseelemen

4、tsareimportanttothediscoveryandcharacterizationofgenotype{traitassociations.Section2.2de-scribesseveralsimplemeasuresandtestsofstatisticalassociation,includingcorrelationanalysis,contingencytableanalysisandsimplelinearandlogis-ticregression.Alsoincludedinthissectionisanintroductiontomet

5、hodsformultivariableanalysis.Finally,Section2.3oersanoverviewoftheanalyticchallengesinherentinpopulation-basedgeneticinvestigations.Thetestingproceduresdescribedthroughoutthischaptercanbeappliedtoeachofasetofgenotypevariablesthoughtheygenerallyrequireanadjustmentformultiplecomparisons,

6、asdescribedinChapter4.Furtherextensionsthatallowsimul-taneousassessmentofassociationsforagroupofSNPsorgenesarepresentedinChapters5{7.A.S.Foulkes,AppliedStatisticalGeneticswithR:ForPopulation-basedAssociation29Studies,UseR,DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-89554-32,cSpringerScience+BusinessMediaLLC2

7、009302ElementaryStatisticalPrinciples2.1Background2.1.1NotationandbasicprobabilityconceptsNotationAsdescribedinSection1.2,dataarisingfrompopulation-basedassociationstudiesarecomprisedofthreeprimarycomponents:thetrait,whichinthistextiseitherquantitativeorbinary;asingleormultiloc