北交大-交通安全3

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1、Chapter3TrafficConflictStudiesA.TrafficSafetyDataAnalysisMethodsPurposesofSafetyAnalysis-Tofindanareawithpotentialsafetyproblems-Tostudythesafetyperformanceofaparticularsafetycountermeasure-Topredictorestimatesafetyimpactsoffactorsrelatedtoroadway,traffic,andc

2、ontrolconditionsBasicSafetyDataAnalysisMethods-Crashdataanalysis-Crashmodeling-Trafficconflictanalysis3.BasicProblemswithCrashAnalysis-Thefirstproblemiswiththereliabilityofpolicereportedcrashrecordsbecausethenumberofcrashestendstobeunder-reported.-Crashdatabas

3、esaresubjecttohumanerrorduringtheinputofdata.Therefore,codeerrors,reportingerrorsandeveninterpretationerrorsmayappear.-Thewaitingtimeforobtaininganadequatesamplesizemaybetoolong.-Otherconcernsaretherandomnessofcrashesandthehumanfactorsassociatedwiththem.B.Conc

4、eptofTrafficConflictsInteractionbetweenVehicles-Conflictpoints:Aconflictpointisdefinedasthepointatwhichtwotrafficmovementsintersecteachother.DefinitionofTrafficConflicts(severaldefinitions)-Atrafficconflictwasdefinedasanevasiveactiontakenbyadriverinordertoavoi

5、dacollision.-Aconflictisanobservablesituationinwhichtwoormoreroadusersapproacheachotherinspaceandtimetosuchanextentthatthereisariskofcollisioniftheirmovementsremainunchanged.-Atrafficconflictisdefinedasaneventinvolvingtwoormoreroadusers,inwhichtheactionofoneus

6、ercausestheothertomakeanevasivemaneuvertoavoidacollision.(ShowvideoCD)3.BenefitstoUseTrafficConflicts-Datacanbecollectedwithinashortperiodoftimesothatanengineerdoesnothavetowaitfortheoccurrenceofseveralcrashestoimprovetheconditionsofasite.-Theeffectivenessofat

7、reatmentcanbeevaluatedwithinashortperiodandifthisfailstocorrecttheproblemthenthecountermeasurecanbechangedagaininaveryshorttime.-Trafficconflictsincludehumanfactorsbecausethebehaviorofdriverscandirectlybeobservedinthefield.-Trafficconflictstudiescanbeusedwitho

8、rwithoutcrashdatasinceeachtypeofconflictisassociatedwithaparticulartypeofcrash.-Trafficconflictdataprovidesinformationabouttrafficvolumes,routineconflicts,moderateconflicts,erratic