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1、第一部分:基础知识(-).定语从句概述定语可以由形容词,代词,数词,名词,不定式,介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定语,那么这个句子就叫做定语从句,又可称为形容词性从句。定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词,它位于定语从句之前,定语从句在先行词后面,应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。(-).定语从句的引导词。定语从句的引导词分为两类,关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)和关系副词(when,where,why),
2、引导词在先行词和定语从句之间,既起连接作用,即连接先行词和定语从句,更重要的是,它又在定语从句中作一个成分。(三).关系代词1.that指人,物,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语。ThisisthephotothatItookinthecountry.HeisthesingerthatImetyesterday.2.which指物,在从句中作主语,宾语,在非限定定语从句中充当定语,或者代替前句Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasmoving.3.who指人,在从句中作主语,宾语。Thepers
3、onwhovisitedourclassroomyesterdaywasournewheadmaster.ThemanwhoyoujusttalkedtoisTom.4.whom指人,在从句中作宾语。Thatistheprofessorwhomyouwanttoknow.1.whose指人,物,在从句中作定语,相当于先行词+'s,后接一名词。Iknowtheboywhoseparentsaredead.1don'tlikethosecitieswhoseroadsaredirty.注:关系代词在从句中作宾语时
4、可以省略。(四)・关系副词关系副词在从句中作状语,有时相当于介词+which,其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。1.when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,相当于at/on/in/duringwhich.Illneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IreachedthetopoftheHuangshanMountain.2.where指地点,在从句中作地点状语,相当于at/in/to/which.Thisistheschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudied.3.why
5、指原因,在从句中作原因状语,相当于forwhich.Thafstherealreasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.第二部分:关系代词的特殊用法(―)关系代词指物时,用that而不用which的情况:1.先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,none,few等不定代词时。Eg:MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdidt2.先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly以及a
6、ll,much,few,no,any,little等修饰时。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatPmlookingfor・3.先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。e.g.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI'veeverseen.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestotheirmindistheWestLake.4.thesame修饰先行词时,定语从句要用that或as引导,但意义不同。e.g.Thisist
7、hesamewatchasIlostlastSunday・(表示相同但并非同一)ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.(表示就是那个)6.Therebe后面的定语从句多用that引导,不用which。e.g.There'saseatinthecornerthatisstillfree・7.句子前面出现了who,which时,后面的定语从句用that引导。e.g.Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadneverbeen
8、seenbefore.Whoisthemanthatyouweretalkingaboutjustnow?8.关系代词在定语从句作表语时,常用that,而不用which、who。e.g.Myhometownisnotthesmallvillagethatitwas10yearsago.Tomisn'tthemanthatheusedtobe9.先行词既有人又有物时,只能用thatoe.g.Doyou