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1、英国概况III.Explainthefollowingterms.1.theHardian'sWall:ItwasoneofthetwogreatwallsbuiltbytheRomanstokeepthePictsoutoftheareatheyhadconquered・2.AlfredtheGreatAlfredwasastrongkingofthewisemen.ItwascreatedbytheAnglo-Saxonstoadvisetheking.ItsthebasisofthePriv
2、yCouncilwhichstillexiststoday.3.WilliamtheConquerorWilliamwasDukeofNormandy.HelandedhisarmyinOct,1066anddefeatedKingHarold.ThenhewascrownedkingofEnglandonChristmasDaythesameyear.HeestablishedastrongNormangovernmentandthefeudalsysteminEngland.4.thebatt
3、leofHastinqsIn1066,KingEdwarddiedwithnoheir,theWitanchoseHaroldasking.William,DukeofNormandy,invadedEngland.OnOctober14,thetwoarmiesmetnearHasting.Afteraday'sbattle,Haroldwaskilledandhisarmycompletelydefeated.SothisbattlewasveryimportsntonthewayoftheR
4、omanconquest.5.DomesdavBookUnderWilliam,thefeudalsystemwasestablished.WilliamsentofficialstocompileapropertyrecordknownasDomesdayBook,whichcompletedin1086.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEnglandmadein1085.Itstatedtheextent,value,thepopulation,stateofc
5、ultivation,andownershipoftheland.ItseemedtotheEnglishliketheBookofdoomonJudgmentDay.6.theGreatCharterKingJohn'sreigncausedmuchdiscontentamongthebarons.In1215,hewasforcedtosignadocument,knownasMangnaCara,ortheGreatCharter.Ithas63clauses.Thoughithaslong
6、beenregardedasthefoundationofEnglishliberties,itsspiritwasthelimitationoftheking'spowers,keepingthemwithintheboundsofthefeudallawoftheland.7.theHundredYears'WarItreferredtotheintermittentwarbetweenFranceandEnglandthatlastfrom1337to1453.Thecauseswerepa
7、rtlyterritorialandpartlyeconomic.WhenEdwardIIIclaimedtheFrenchCrownbuttheFrenchrefusedtorecognize,thewarbrokeout.AtfirsttheEnglishweresuccessful,butintheend,theyweredefeatedandlostalmostalltheirpossessionsinFrance.TheexpellingoftheEnglishwasablessingf
8、orbothcountries・1.JoanofArcShewasanationalheroineofFranceduringtheHundredYears5War.ShesuccessfullyledtheFrenchtodrivetheEnglishoutofFrance.2.theBlackDeathItwasthedeadlybubonicplaguewhospreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandwi
