“Bunker Busters” Sources of Confusion in the“碉堡破坏者”：混乱的根源 坚固的核-地侵者辩论

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1、OrderCodeRL32599CRSReportforCongressReceivedthroughtheCRSWeb“BunkerBusters”:SourcesofConfusionintheRobustNuclearEarthPenetratorDebateJanuary10,2005JonathanMedaliaSpecialistinNationalDefenseForeignAffairs,Defense,andTradeDivisionCongressionalResearchSer

2、vice˜TheLibraryofCongress“BunkerBusters”:SourcesofConfusionintheRobustNuclearEarthPenetratorDebateSummaryTheRobustNuclearEarthPenetrator(RNEP),oftencalleda“bunkerbuster,”isatpresentthesubjectofacostandfeasibilitystudytodetermineifeitheroftwonuclearbomb

3、s,theB61andtheB83,couldbemodified,mainlybyaddingaheavy,pointedcase,soastobeabletopenetrateperhaps10metersintoearthorrock.Thispenetrationwouldincreasetheweapon’sability,byafactorof20to50,todestroyhardenedanddeeplyburiedfacilities.TheDepartmentofDefenseh

4、asexpressedconcernthatpotentialU.S.adversariesareusingsuchfacilitiesbecausethe1991and2003warsinIraqdemonstratedthatU.S.precisionconventionalweaponscanreadilydestroyfacilitiesthatareabovethesurfaceorburiedatshallowdepth.IfthestudyshowsRNEPtobefeasiblean

5、daffordable,andifthePresidentandCongressapprove,RNEPcouldmovefromastudytodevelopmentand,perhaps,deployment.TheRNEPdebatehasreceivedmuchattentionandspawnedmuchconfusion.Thisreportexaminessourcesofconfusioninthisdebate.Partofthedifficultyinanalyzingthisd

6、ebateisthattheRNEPstudyraiseslargeandcomplexissues.ShouldtheUnitedStatesimproveitsabilitytodestroyburiedtargets,orarethereoffsettingreasonsnotto?WhatwouldbethetargetsforRNEP,andbywhatmeasuresshoulditsmilitaryeffectivenessbejudged?Howreliableareestimate

7、sofcollateraldamageresultingfromRNEP?“Urbanmyths”havegrownuparoundRNEP.Somecommentatorsseemtocombineseveraltruestatementsintoanerroneousone.CongressliftedthebanonR&Donsub-5-kilotonnuclearweaponsattheAdministration’srequest,andnuclearearthpenetratorscou

8、lddestroysomehardenedanddeeplyburiedtargets.Butitisincorrecttoassumethatsub-5-kilotonbunkerbusterscoulddestroysuchtargets;theycouldnotbecausetheyhaveinsufficientexplosiveforce.Similarly,akerneloftruthmaybecometransmutedthroughamisunders